Robotics na Molecular: Waɗannan na'urori masu kama da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna iya yin komai

• About the Author:
• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Nuwamba 30, 2023

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Molecular Robotics, wani nau'i na tsaka-tsaki a dangantakar mutum-mutumi, ilmin kwayoyin halitta, da nanotechnology, wanda Cibiyar Wyss ta Harvard ke jagoranta, yana ƙaddamar da shirye-shirye na igiyoyin DNA zuwa cikin robots masu iya yin ayyuka masu rikitarwa a matakin kwayoyin. Yin amfani da gyaran gyare-gyare na CRISPR, waɗannan robots na iya kawo sauyi ga ci gaban ƙwayoyi da bincike, tare da ƙungiyoyi kamar Ultivue da NuProbe waɗanda ke jagorantar tallan kasuwanci. Yayin da masu bincike ke binciko tarin robobin DNA don ayyuka masu sarkakiya, kama da yankunan kwari, aikace-aikacen duniya na gaske har yanzu suna kan gaba, suna yin alƙawarin daidaici mara misaltuwa a cikin isar da magunguna, alfanu ga binciken nanotechnology, da yuwuwar gina kayan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin masana'antu daban-daban. .

Mahallin mutum-mutumi na kwayoyin halitta

Masu bincike a Cibiyar Wyss ta Jami'ar Harvard ta Injiniyan Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Halittu sun yi sha'awar sauran yuwuwar amfani da DNA, waɗanda za su iya haɗuwa zuwa siffofi daban-daban, girma, da aiki. Sun gwada na'ura mai kwakwalwa. Wannan binciken ya yiwu ne saboda DNA da robots suna raba abu ɗaya - ikon da za a tsara don takamaiman manufa. A cikin na'urar mutum-mutumi, ana iya sarrafa su ta hanyar lambar kwamfuta ta binary, kuma a yanayin DNA, tare da jerin nucleotide. A cikin 2016, Cibiyar ta ƙirƙira Ƙwararrun Robotics Initiative, wanda ya haɗu da mutum-mutumi, ilimin halitta, da masana nanotechnology. Masana kimiyya sun yi farin ciki da 'yancin kai na dangi da sassaucin ra'ayi na kwayoyin halitta, wanda zai iya haɗa kai da kuma mayar da martani a ainihin lokacin da yanayin. Wannan fasalin yana nufin cewa ana iya amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin da za a iya tsarawa don ƙirƙirar na'urorin nanoscale waɗanda za su iya yin amfani da lokuta a cikin masana'antu daban-daban.

Kwayoyin halittar mutum-mutumi ana kunna su ta sabbin nasarorin da aka samu a binciken kwayoyin halitta, musamman kayan aikin gyara kwayoyin halitta CRISPR (wanda aka taru akai-akai tsakanin gajerun maimaitawa na palindromic). Wannan kayan aikin na iya karantawa, gyara, da yanke madaurin DNA kamar yadda ake buƙata. Da wannan fasaha, ana iya sarrafa ƙwayoyin DNA zuwa madaidaicin siffofi da halaye, gami da da'irar halittu waɗanda za su iya gano duk wata cuta mai yuwuwa a cikin tantanin halitta kuma su kashe ta kai tsaye ko kuma hana ta zama mai cutar kansa. Wannan yuwuwar yana nufin cewa mutummutumi na ƙwayoyin cuta na iya yin juyin juya hali na ci gaban ƙwayoyi, bincikar cututtuka, da hanyoyin warkewa. Cibiyar Wyss tana samun ci gaba mai ban mamaki tare da wannan aikin, wanda ya riga ya kafa kamfanoni na kasuwanci guda biyu: Ultivue don babban madaidaicin hoton nama da NuProbe don bincikar acid nucleic.

Tasiri mai rudani

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin robotics na ƙwayoyin cuta shine cewa waɗannan ƙananan na'urori suna iya hulɗa da juna don cimma maƙasudai masu rikitarwa. Daukar bayanai daga yankunan kwari kamar tururuwa da ƙudan zuma, masu bincike suna aiki kan haɓaka gungun robobi waɗanda za su iya samar da sifofi masu rikitarwa da kuma kammala ayyuka ta hanyar sadarwa da juna ta hanyar hasken infrared. Irin wannan nau'in nanotechnology matasan, inda za a iya ƙara iyakokin DNA tare da ikon sarrafa mutum-mutumi, na iya samun aikace-aikace da yawa, gami da ingantaccen adana bayanai wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarancin hayaƙin carbon.

A cikin Yuli 2022, ɗalibai daga Jami'ar Emory da ke Jojiya sun ƙirƙira robobi na ƙwayoyin cuta tare da injinan tushen DNA waɗanda za su iya motsawa da gangan ta takamaiman hanya. Motocin sun sami damar jin sauye-sauyen sinadarai a muhallinsu kuma sun san lokacin da za su daina motsi ko sake daidaita alkibla. Masu binciken sun ce wannan binciken wani babban mataki ne na gwajin lafiya da gano cutar domin a halin yanzu na’urar mutum-mutumi na swarm na iya sadar da mota-zuwa-mota. Wannan ci gaban kuma yana nufin cewa waɗannan ɗumbin yawa na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa cututtuka na yau da kullun kamar ciwon sukari ko hauhawar jini. Duk da haka, yayin da bincike a wannan fanni ya samar da wasu ci gaba, yawancin masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa manya-manyan aikace-aikace na ainihi na waɗannan ƙananan na'urori masu amfani da mutum-mutumi sun wuce shekaru.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da robotics na kwayoyin halitta

Faɗin abubuwan da ke tattare da robotics na ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haɗawa da: 

• Ingantacciyar bincike kan ƙwayoyin jikin mutum, gami da iya isar da magunguna ga takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Haɓaka saka hannun jari a cikin binciken nanotechnology, musamman ta masu ba da lafiya da manyan magunguna.
• Bangaren masana'antu yana iya gina rikitattun sassa na injuna da kayayyaki ta amfani da tarin robobin kwayoyin halitta.
• Ƙarin gano kayan tushen kwayoyin halitta waɗanda za a iya amfani da su akan komai, daga tufafi zuwa sassan gini.
• Nanorobots waɗanda za a iya tsara su don canza kayan aikin su da acidity, dangane da ko za a buƙaci su yi aiki a cikin kwayoyin halitta ko a waje, yana mai da su ma'aikata masu tsada sosai da sassauƙa.

Tambayoyi don yin tsokaci akai

• Wadanne fa'idodi ne na robobin kwayoyin halitta a masana'antu?
• Menene sauran fa'idodi masu yuwuwa na mutummutumin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ilmin halitta da kiwon lafiya?