Masu satar bayanan sirri: Cyber ​​Robin Hoods ko masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na yanar gizo?

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• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Satumba 20, 2022

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Hacktivism ya haɗu da shiga ba tare da izini ba da fafutuka, inda mutane ke amfani da hanyoyin yanar gizo don manufofin siyasa, galibi suna ganin kansu a matsayin ƴan banga na dijital. Wannan motsi ya samo asali ne zuwa nau'i daban-daban, ciki har da lalata gidan yanar gizon da leaks bayanai, hari ga gwamnatoci da kamfanoni don sauyin zamantakewa. Haɓaka ƙungiyoyin masu satar bayanan sirri kamar Anonymous yana kwatanta tasirin girma da tasiri iri-iri na wannan fafutuka na dijital akan tsaro ta yanar gizo da siyasa ta duniya.

Mahimmin mahallin hacktivists da ba a san su ba

Kalmar “Hacktivism”, wani hoto na “hacker” da “activism,” ya fara bayyana ne a farkon shekarun 1990 don bayyana yadda ake amfani da dabarun satar kwamfuta don dalilai na siyasa. Hacktivism ya fara ne a matsayin yunƙurin amfani da Intanet don rinjayar canjin zamantakewa. Rashin biyayyar jama'a ne ke jagorantar mai hacktivist kuma yana son yada imani ko raba ilimi.

Wannan akidar na iya hada da rashin zaman lafiya; duk da haka, gabaɗaya ƴan fashin ba su da kuzari da mugun nufi. Wadannan mutane suna la'akari da kansu 'yan banga suna gwagwarmaya don adalci na zamantakewa da canje-canjen manufofi ta hanyar shiga ba tare da izini ba. Duk da haka, wasu masu suka suna jayayya cewa waɗannan dabarun ’yan banga na iya yin illa na dogon lokaci da kuma yin barazana ga tsaron ƙasa.

Babu shugabanni a cikin ƙungiyoyin masu satar bayanai, don haka sabbin ƙungiyoyi na iya haɓaka cikin sauri da haɗin kai a manyan hare-hare. Wannan rukuni na iya haifar da tashin hankali na zamantakewa a cikin al'ummar zamani. Ƙungiyoyin Hacktivist na iya yin kira ga mutanen da ke son yin zanga-zanga da tarzoma daga nesa "ba tare da suna ba." Galibi, gwamnatoci, ’yan siyasa, da manyan kamfanoni ne ake kai wa hare-haren masu satar bayanai.

Hacktivism na iya ɗaukar nau'i-nau'i da yawa, daga shiga cikin tsarin kwamfuta don sata ko watsa bayanai zuwa lalata gidajen yanar gizo ko ƙaddamar da hare-haren Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). Hare-haren DDoS shine lokacin da ake amfani da ɗimbin kwamfutoci don cika gidan yanar gizo tare da zirga-zirga, yana sa ba ya samuwa ga masu amfani da halal. 

Tasiri mai rudani

Wataƙila ƙungiyar da ta fi shahara a hacktivist ita ce Anonymous. Wannan ƙungiya ƙungiya ce ta masu satar bayanan jama'a kuma ta ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda suka fara shahara a cikin 2008 bayan ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe ga Cocin Scientology. Anonymous ba shi da tsarin jagoranci na hukuma ko memba, kuma duk wanda ya bayyana a matsayin memba yana da 'yancin shiga ayyukansa.

Sai dai wasu mambobin kungiyar sun yi ikirarin cewa su ne ke wakiltar kungiyar baki daya, musamman a yakin da take yi da satar bayanan intanet. Ba a san shi ba galibi ana danganta shi da ƙungiyar masu satar bayanan sirri da aka fi sani da "'yantar da yanar gizo" ko "'yanci na dijital," wanda ke da nufin 'yantar da bayanai daga gwamnati da kuma kula da kamfanoni. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi, Anonymous ya kai hari ga kungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane daban-daban, gami da Rekodi Industry Association of America (RIAA), Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka (DOJ), PayPal, da ISIS (Daular Musulunci ta Iraki da Levant).

A cikin 2011, a matsayin wani ɓangare na zanga-zangar Larabawa, Anonymous ya yi kutse a shafukan yanar gizo na gwamnati a Tunisia, Masar, da sauran ƙasashe a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka. Tun daga shekarar 2012 aka kama mai magana da yawunta, Barrett Brown, ayyukan Anonymous sun yi tafiyar hawainiya. Koyaya, Anonymous ya sake bayyana a cikin 2021, lokacin da suka ɗauki alhakin kutse da aka yiwa Jam'iyyar Republican a Texas da kamfanin Epik mai karɓar bakuncin yanar gizo. Bugu da kari, sun fitar da bayanai sama da gigabytes 150 akan kungiyoyin dama kamar QAnon da Proud Boys bayan kutsewa sabar Epik. 

Tasirin masu satar bayanan jama'a

Faɗin fa'idodin masu satar bayanai na iya haɗawa da: 

• Ana samun ƙarin ƙungiyoyi da kuma wargajewa cikin sauri kafin 'yan sanda su iya kai hari ko gano su.
• Gwamnatoci da ƙungiyoyi suna ƙara saka hannun jari a cikin tsaro ta yanar gizo don kare bayanan cikin gida da abubuwan more rayuwa daga hare-haren DDoS da ransomware. 
• Lambobin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun IT waɗanda ke shiga aikin hacktivism na ɗan lokaci, musamman a cikin ƙasashe masu iyakacin ƴancin siyasa. 
• Ƙara yawan kamfanoni masu fallasa bayanai kamar WikiLeaks da ke son tallata bayanan gwamnati, ayyukan sirri, da bayanai masu mahimmanci.
• Kamfanoni masu cin hanci da rashawa, hukumomin gwamnati, da jiga-jigan siyasa na zama wadanda ke fama da kutse a akai-akai yayin da kayan aiki da fasahar da ake bukata don satar kutse mai inganci ke kara zama dimokradiyya.
• Ƙarfafa fifikon duniya kan ilimin ilimin dijital, yana haifar da ƙarin masaniyar jama'a wanda zai iya mafi kyawun kiyaye bayanan sirri daga barazanar yanar gizo.
• Kasuwancin da ke sake fasalin sassan IT ɗin su don mai da hankali kan satar da'a da dabarun tsaro, wanda ke haifar da ingantacciyar juriya ga hare-haren yanar gizo.
• Tsarukan shari'a a duk duniya suna daidaitawa don tafiyar da masu satar mutane yadda ya kamata, tare da ƙwararrun kotuna da dokoki, waɗanda ke haifar da saurin adalci da hanawa.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Menene kuke tsammani ya fi jan hankali/game da hacktivism?
• Ta yaya kuma kuke tsammanin masu satar bayanan za su canza yadda kungiyoyi ke aiki?