Barkewar cutar ta gobe da manyan magungunan da aka ƙera don yaƙar su: Makomar Lafiya P2

Kowace shekara, mutane 50,000 suna mutuwa a Amurka, 700,000 a duk duniya, daga alamun cututtuka masu sauƙi waɗanda ba su da magani don yaƙar su. Mafi muni, bincike na baya-bayan nan daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ya gano cewa juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta suna yaduwa a duk faɗin duniya, duk yayin da shirye-shiryenmu na annoba na gaba kamar 2014-15 Eloba tsoratar da aka samu da wahala. Kuma yayin da adadin cututtukan da aka rubuta ke ƙaruwa, adadin sabbin magungunan da aka gano yana raguwa kowace shekara goma.

Wannan ita ce duniyar da masana'antunmu ke fama da harhada magunguna.

Don yin gaskiya, gaba ɗaya lafiyar ku a yau ta fi yadda ta kasance shekaru 100 da suka wuce. A lokacin, matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa shine kawai shekaru 48. A kwanakin nan, yawancin mutane na iya tsammanin wata rana za su busa kyandir ɗin a kan kek ɗin ranar haihuwar su ta 80.

Babban wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga wannan ninki biyu na tsawon rai shine gano maganin rigakafi, na farko shine Penicillin a cikin 1943. Kafin wannan maganin ya fito, rayuwa ta fi rauni.

Cututtuka na yau da kullun kamar strep makogwaro ko ciwon huhu suna barazanar rayuwa. Yin tiyata na gama-gari da muke ɗauka a yau, kamar saka na'urorin bugun zuciya ko maye gurbin gwiwa da hips ga tsofaffi, da sun haifar da mutum ɗaya cikin shida na mace-mace. Sauƙaƙan ƙazanta daga daji mai ƙaya ko toshewa daga hatsarin wurin aiki zai iya barin ku cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, yanke jiki, kuma a wasu lokuta, mutuwa.

kuma bisa ga WHO, wannan ita ce duniyar da za mu iya komawa zuwa - zamanin bayan maganin rigakafi.

Juriya na rigakafi ya zama barazana ta duniya

A taƙaice, maganin rigakafi ƙanƙara ce da aka ƙera don kai hari ga ƙwayoyin cuta. Rubutun shine bayan lokaci, ƙwayoyin cuta suna gina juriya ga wannan ƙwayoyin cuta har zuwa inda ba ta da tasiri. Wannan yana tilastawa Big Pharma yin aiki akai-akai akan haɓaka sabbin ƙwayoyin rigakafi don maye gurbin waɗanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke jurewa. Yi la'akari da wannan:

• An kirkiro Penicillin ne a cikin 1943, sannan aka fara juriya da ita a 1945;

• An kirkiro Vancomycin a cikin 1972, tsayayya da shi ya fara a 1988;

• An ƙirƙira Imipenem a cikin 1985, tsayayya da shi ya fara a 1998;

• An ƙirƙira Daptomycin a cikin 2003, tsayayya da shi ya fara a 2004.

Wannan wasan cat da linzamin kwamfuta yana sauri da sauri fiye da yadda Big Pharma zai iya ci gaba da shi. Yana ɗaukar har zuwa shekaru goma da biliyoyin daloli don haɓaka sabon nau'in maganin rigakafi. Kwayoyin cuta suna haifar da sabbin tsararraki kowane minti 20, suna girma, suna canzawa, suna canzawa har sai ƙarni ɗaya ya sami hanyar shawo kan ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana kai matsayin da ba a samun riba ga Big Pharma don saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin maganin rigakafi, yayin da suke tsufa da sauri.

Amma me yasa kwayoyin cuta ke shawo kan maganin rigakafi da sauri a yau fiye da na baya? Dalilai guda biyu:

• Yawancinmu muna yin amfani da maganin rigakafi fiye da kima maimakon kawar da kamuwa da cuta kawai. Wannan yana fallasa ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jikinmu ga maganin rigakafi sau da yawa, yana ba su damar haɓaka juriya gare su.

• Muna zubar da dabbobinmu cike da maganin rigakafi, ta haka ne muke gabatar da ƙarin maganin rigakafi a cikin tsarin ku ta hanyar abincinmu.

• Yayin da yawan jama'ar mu ke karuwa daga biliyan bakwai a yau zuwa biliyan tara nan da shekarar 2040, kwayoyin cuta za su sami karin rundunan dan Adam da za su rayu da su.

• Duniyarmu tana da alaƙa ta hanyar tafiye-tafiye na zamani wanda sabbin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta masu jure wa ƙwayoyin cuta za su iya isa ko'ina cikin duniya cikin shekara guda.

Abin da kawai aka yi la'akari da azurfa a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne cewa 2015 an fara samar da maganin rigakafi mai suna, Teixobactin. Yana kai hari ga kwayoyin cuta ta wata sabuwar hanya da masana kimiyya ke fatan za ta sa mu gaba da juriyarsu na akalla shekaru goma, idan ba haka ba.

Amma juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta ba shine kaɗai haɗarin Big Pharma ke bi ba.

Kula da halittu

Idan za ku kalli jadawali da ke zayyana adadin mace-macen da suka faru tsakanin 1900 zuwa yau, za ku yi tsammanin ganin manyan humps guda biyu a kusa da 1914 da 1945: Yaƙin Duniya na biyu. Koyaya, kuna iya mamakin samun hump na uku tsakanin su biyu a kusa da 1918-9. Wannan ita ce mura ta Spain kuma ta kashe sama da mutane miliyan 65 a duk duniya, miliyan 20 fiye da WWI.

Baya ga rikice-rikicen muhalli da yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya, annoba ce kaɗai ke da yuwuwar kawar da mutane sama da miliyan 10 cikin sauri a cikin shekara guda.

Cutar mura ta Spain ita ce babbar annoba ta ƙarshe ta mu, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙananan cututtuka kamar SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009), da kuma 2014-5 cutar Ebola ta yammacin Afirka sun tunatar da mu cewa har yanzu barazanar tana can. Amma abin da sabon barkewar cutar Ebola ya bayyana shi ne cewa ikonmu na ɗaukar waɗannan cututtukan ya bar abin da ake so.

Shi ya sa masu fafutuka, kamar fitaccen nan, Bill Gates, yanzu haka suke aiki tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa, don gina cibiyar sadarwa ta sa ido kan halittu ta duniya don ingantacciyar hanya, hasashe, da fatan hana barkewar annoba a nan gaba. Wannan tsarin zai bi diddigin rahotannin kiwon lafiya na duniya a matakin ƙasa, kuma, nan da 2025, matakin mutum ɗaya, yayin da mafi yawan adadin jama'a ke fara bin lafiyarsu ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfi da kayan aiki.

Amma duk da haka, yayin da duk waɗannan bayanan na ainihin lokaci za su ba da damar ƙungiyoyi, kamar WHO, su yi saurin mayar da martani ga barkewar cutar, ba zai haifar da komai ba idan ba za mu iya ƙirƙirar sabbin alluran rigakafi cikin sauri don dakatar da waɗannan cututtukan a cikin hanyoyinsu ba.

Yin aiki a cikin yashi mai sauri don tsara sabbin magunguna

Masana'antar harhada magunguna ta sami ci gaba mai yawa a fasahar yanzu a hannunta. Ko dai babban faɗuwar farashin ƙirar halittar ɗan adam daga dala miliyan 100 zuwa ƙasa da dala 1,000 a yau, zuwa ikon ƙididdigewa da gano ainihin kayan aikin ƙwayoyin cuta, zaku yi tunanin cewa Big Pharma yana da duk abin da yake buƙata don warkar da kowace cuta. a cikin littafin.

Da kyau, ba daidai bane.

A yau, mun sami damar tantance kayan aikin kwayoyin cuta kusan 4,000, yawancin bayanan da aka tattara a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Amma cikin waɗancan 4,000, nawa muke da magani? Kimanin 250. Me ya sa wannan gibin ya yi girma haka? Me yasa bama maganin wasu cututtuka?

Yayin da masana'antar fasaha ke bunƙasa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Moore - lura da cewa adadin transistor a kowace murabba'in inch a kan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar zai ninka kowace shekara - masana'antar harhada magunguna suna shan wahala a ƙarƙashin Dokar Eroom ('Moore' da aka rubuta a baya) - lura da cewa adadin magungunan da aka amince da su. biliyan a cikin R&D daloli ya ragu a kowace shekara tara, wanda aka daidaita don hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.

Babu wani mutum ko tsari da zai zargi wannan gurgunta gurgunta aikin samar da magunguna. Wasu suna zargin yadda ake ba da kuɗin magunguna, wasu kuma suna zargin tsarin ikon mallaka fiye da kima, tsadar gwaji da yawa, shekarun da ake buƙata don amincewar tsari-duk waɗannan abubuwan suna taka rawa a cikin wannan karyewar ƙirar.

Sa'ar al'amarin shine, akwai wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda tare zasu iya taimakawa karya lankwasa ta Eroom.

Bayanan likita akan arha

Halin farko shine wanda muka riga muka taɓa shi: farashin tattarawa da sarrafa bayanan likita. Dukkan farashin gwajin kwayoyin halitta sun fadi sama da kashi 1,000 zuwa kasa da $1,000. Kuma yayin da mutane da yawa suka fara bin diddigin lafiyar su ta hanyar ƙa'idodi na musamman da kayan sawa, ikon tattara bayanai a babban sikeli zai zama mai yiwuwa a ƙarshe (wani batu da za mu taɓa ƙasa).

Samun damar dimokuraɗiyya zuwa fasahar kiwon lafiya ta ci gaba

Babban abin da ke bayan faɗuwar farashin sarrafa bayanan likita shine faɗuwar farashin fasahar yin wannan aikin. Ajiye abubuwan bayyane, kamar faɗuwar farashi da samun damar yin amfani da manyan kwamfutoci waɗanda za su iya murƙushe manyan bayanai, ƙananan ɗakunan bincike na likitanci yanzu suna iya samun kayan aikin masana'antar likitanci waɗanda a baya suka kashe dubun-dubatar.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke samun babban sha'awa sun haɗa da firintocin sinadarai na 3D (misali. daya da kuma biyu) wanda zai ba da damar masu binciken likitanci su haɗa hadaddun kwayoyin halitta, har zuwa cikakkun ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda za a iya keɓance su ga majiyyaci. Nan da 2025, wannan fasaha za ta ba da damar ƙungiyoyin bincike da asibitoci su buga sinadarai da magungunan magani na al'ada a cikin gida, ba tare da dogara ga masu siyar da waje ba. Firintocin 3D na gaba a ƙarshe za su buga ƙarin kayan aikin likita na ci gaba, da kuma kayan aikin tiyata masu sauƙi da ake buƙata don hanyoyin aiki mara kyau.

Gwajin sabbin kwayoyi

Daga cikin mafi tsada kuma mafi ɗaukar lokaci na samar da ƙwayoyi shine lokacin gwaji. Sabbin magunguna suna buƙatar wuce simintin kwamfuta, sannan gwaje-gwajen dabbobi, sannan iyakance gwajin ɗan adam, sannan kuma izini na tsari kafin samun izinin amfani da jama'a. An yi sa'a, akwai sabbin abubuwa da ke faruwa a wannan matakin kuma.

Babbar a cikinsu ita ce bidi'a da za mu iya kwatanta ta a zahiri sassan jiki akan guntu. Maimakon siliki da da'irori, waɗannan ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta sun ƙunshi ainihin, ruwaye masu rai da ƙwayoyin rai waɗanda aka tsara ta hanyar da za a iya kwaikwayi takamaiman gaɓar jikin mutum. Sannan ana iya allurar magungunan gwaji a cikin waɗannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta don bayyana yadda maganin zai shafi ainihin jikin ɗan adam. Wannan ya ƙetare buƙatar gwajin dabba, yana ba da cikakkiyar wakilci na tasirin miyagun ƙwayoyi akan ilimin halittar ɗan adam, kuma yana ba masu bincike damar gudanar da ɗaruruwa zuwa dubunnan gwaje-gwaje, ta amfani da ɗaruruwan zuwa dubunnan bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyi da allurai, akan ɗaruruwan zuwa dubbai na waɗannan guntu, ta haka yana hanzarta matakan gwajin ƙwayoyi da yawa.

Sa'an nan idan ya zo ga gwaji na ɗan adam, farawa kamar gobe, zai fi haɗa marasa lafiya marasa lafiya tare da waɗannan sababbin magungunan gwaji. Wannan yana taimaka wa mutanen da ke kusa da mutuwa samun damar yin amfani da magungunan da za su iya ceton su yayin ba da Big Pharma tare da batutuwan gwaji waɗanda (idan sun warke) na iya hanzarta aiwatar da tsarin amincewa don samun waɗannan magunguna zuwa kasuwa.

Makomar kiwon lafiya ba a samar da taro ba

Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama a cikin ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta, shirye-shiryen annoba, da haɓaka magunguna sun riga sun faru kuma yakamata a kafa su da kyau nan da 2020-2022. Koyaya, sabbin abubuwan da za mu bincika kan sauran wannan jerin Makomar Lafiya za su bayyana yadda makomar kiwon lafiya ta gaskiya ba ta haifar da magungunan ceton rai ga talakawa ba, amma ga mutum ɗaya.

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