Murar da aka saba: Shin wannan shine ƙarshen rashin lafiya na shekara-shekara?

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• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Fabrairu 11, 2022

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Juyin yanayin yanayin mura da nau'in su, mai yuwuwa tasirin matakan da aka ɗauka yayin bala'in COVID-19 kamar nisantar da jama'a, saka abin rufe fuska, da haɓaka ayyukan tsafta, ya ga raguwar cututtukan mura da yuwuwar kawar da wasu nau'ikan. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da waɗannan canje-canjen ke shafar yadda masana kimiyya ke yin hasashen da kuma magance matsalolin mura masu zuwa, yanayin mura na iya canzawa, yana haifar da tasiri a sassa da yawa. Waɗannan tasirin sun fito ne daga ingantacciyar lafiyar jama'a da haɓaka yawan aiki, zuwa raguwar samar da rigakafin mura wanda zai iya mai da hankali kan magunguna zuwa ga ƙwararrun cututtuka.

Yanayin mura na gama gari

Kowace shekara, nau'ikan mura daban-daban suna bazuwa ko'ina cikin duniya, gabaɗaya don amsa yanayin yanayi na sanyi da/ko bushewa. A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC), lokacin mura yakan kai kololuwa tsakanin Disamba da Fabrairu kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da cututtuka miliyan 45, asibitoci 810,000, da kuma asarar rayuka 61,000. Barkewar cutar ta 2020 da SARS-CoV-2 ta haifar ta kamu da aƙalla mutane miliyan 67 kuma ta kashe miliyan 1.5 a duniya. A ƙarshen tashin farko na COVID-19 a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun lura da wuri da ƙarshen lokacin mura na 2019-20 a Arewacin Hemisphere.

Masana sun yi imanin cewa hakan na iya faruwa ne ta hanyar wasu mutane kaɗan da ke shiga cikin saitunan kiwon lafiya don gwaji tare da ingantattun matakan yaƙi da cutar kamar su sanya abin rufe fuska, nisantar da jama'a, haɓaka tsaftar hannu, da hana tafiye-tafiye. Gwaje-gwaje masu inganci na kwayar cutar mura sun ragu da kashi 98 a cikin Amurka bayan barkewar cutar ta COVID, yayin da adadin samfuran da aka gabatar don gwaji ya ragu da kashi 61. CDC ta kididdige lokacin mura na 2019-20 a cikin Amurka a matsayin "matsakaici" ta kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 38 sun kamu da mura, yayin da 22,000 suka mutu. 
 
Masana kimiyya suna fatan cewa lokutan da aka katse na wannan shekara za su samar da sabbin fahimta game da yada cutar mura da kuma halin da ake ciki. A cikin 2021, daukacin al'umma suna ci gaba da sanya abin rufe fuska, suna wanke hannayensu akai-akai, da kuma ware kansu ta jiki, don haka waɗannan matakan na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye mura a cikin 2021 kuma. Alurar riga kafi kuma suna taimakawa wajen rigakafin kamuwa da cuta. CDC ta ba da rahoton cewa yawancin Amurkawa sun sami rigakafin mura a wannan kakar fiye da lokutan mura guda huɗu da suka gabata. Kusan mutane miliyan 193.2 ne aka yiwa rigakafin mura a watan Janairun 2021, idan aka kwatanta da miliyan 173.3 a cikin 2020. 

Tasiri mai rudani 

An kuma yi hasashe cewa lokacin ƙarancin mura na iya kawar da nau'ikan mura ba da yawa ba. A duk faɗin duniya, masana kimiyya suna bin diddigin maye gurbi ta ƙwayoyin cuta ta mura ta hanyar nazarin samfurori daga waɗanda aka tabbatar da kamuwa da mura waɗanda ke ziyartar asibitoci da ofisoshin likitoci. Wannan yana ba su damar yin hasashen yuwuwar nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in iri) da za su yaduwa a shekara mai zuwa sannan su samar da alluran rigakafi don yakar wadannan nau'ikan. Ana maimaita wannan hanya sau biyu a shekara, idan aka yi la'akari da yankin Arewa da Kudancin kasar. Koyaya, ba a gano alamun wasu nau'ikan mura guda biyu ba tun daga Maris 2020: ƙwayoyin cuta na mura B daga reshen Yamagata da ƙwayar cutar mura A H3N2 da aka sani da 3c3. A sakamakon haka, yana yiwuwa, amma ba tabbas, cewa waɗannan nau'ikan ƙila sun ƙare. 

Yayin da rayuwa a Amurka da sauran ƙasashen da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi a ƙarshe ta dawo daidai, yuwuwar kamuwa da mura tsakanin mutane kuma zai dawo. Koyaya, yanayin da ake ciki na yanzu na iya yin hasashen waɗanne nau'ikan za su fitar da lokacin mura na gaba cikin sauƙi saboda ana iya samun ƙarancin bambance-bambancen mura don damuwa. Idan an kawar da zuriyar B/Yamagata, alluran rigakafi na gaba na iya buƙatar kariya daga nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku kawai, maimakon dabarun iri huɗu da ake amfani da su yanzu. 

Abin baƙin ciki shine, rashin gasar kamuwa da cuta a cikin rundunonin ɗan adam na iya yin yuwuwar share fage ga sabbin bambance-bambancen murar alade a nan gaba. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta galibi ana hana su ta hanyar rigakafi ta yanayi. A madadin, idan kamuwa da mura ya yi ƙasa kaɗan na ƴan yanayi, wannan na iya ƙyale ƙwayoyin alade su yi tasiri sosai.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da mura na gama gari

Faɗin abubuwan da ke haifar da mura na gama gari na iya haɗawa da:

• Haɓaka a cikin lafiyar jama'a gaba ɗaya, rage damuwa akan tsarin kiwon lafiya, 'yantar da albarkatu don maganin wasu cututtuka.
• Rushewar hutun rashin lafiya na yanayi yana haifar da haɓaka aiki a wuraren aiki, yana haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziki.
• Tabarbarewar samar da rigakafin mura, da ke shafar kamfanonin harhada magunguna ta fuskar tattalin arziki, a matsayin babbar hanyar samun kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara.
• Canji a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna zuwa wasu ƙwararrun cututtuka ko ƙananan cututtuka kamar yadda mura ta gama gari ba ta ba da umarni ga ɗimbin bincike da saka hannun jari ba.
• Ƙananan cututtukan mura masu tsanani a cikin jama'a masu rauni suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka tsawon rayuwa.
• Rage buƙatun magunguna masu alaƙa da mura yana haifar da raguwar sharar magunguna, samar da fa'idodin muhalli ta hanyar rage yawan sharar gida.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Idan kusan za a iya kawar da mura a cikin 2021, kuna tsammanin zai yiwu a iya magance mura cikin sauƙi a yanayi na gaba?
• Wadanne matakai kuke ganin sun fi taimakawa wajen dakatar da yaduwar mura yayin barkewar cutar ta COVID?