Mafi kyawun batirin EV: Batir na gaba-gen da ke yin caji da sauri kuma ba sa yin zafi

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  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Nuwamba 30, 2021

Yanayin ajiyar makamashi ya canza sosai, tare da rage tsadar farashi da ingantattun batir lithium-ion. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban batir ɗin graphene yana ba da ingantaccen aiki, caji mai sauri, da ƙara ƙarfin ajiya. Wadannan ci gaban na iya haifar da tsaftataccen sufuri, samar da ayyukan yi a bangaren makamashi mai tsafta, saka hannun jarin gwamnati wajen cajin ababen more rayuwa, da sabbin abubuwa a cikin ajiyar makamashi mai sabuntawa.

Mafi kyawun mahallin batirin EV

A cikin 1991, batirin lithium-ion mai karfin awo 1 kilowatt (kWh) an saka shi akan dala $7,500 mai ban mamaki, a cewar kungiyar bincike ta Duniyarmu a Bayanai. Don sanya wannan a cikin hangen nesa, idan da Nissan Leaf, sanannen samfurin mota mai amfani da wutar lantarki, ya kasance a lokacin, farashin batirin nasa kawai zai kai dalar Amurka $300,000. Wannan tsadar tsadar kaya ta kasance babban shinge ga yawaitar amfani da motocin lantarki (EVs) da sauran fasahohin da suka dogara ga ingantaccen tanadin makamashi.

Duk da haka, an sake fasalin yanayin ajiyar makamashi sosai tsawon shekaru saboda saurin ci gaba a iyawar ajiya, abubuwan batir, da hanyoyin samarwa. A shekara ta 2018, farashin batirin lithium-ion mai iko iri ɗaya ya ragu da kashi 97 cikin ɗari zuwa dala $181 kawai. Wannan tsattsauran ragi na farashi ya sanya fasahohin da suka dogara da waɗannan batura, kamar motocin lantarki da tsarin makamashi mai sabuntawa, samun damar samun kuɗi ga ɗimbin masu amfani da kasuwanci.

Baya ga gagarumin raguwar farashi, aikin batirin lithium-ion shima ya sami ingantuwa sosai. A cikin 1991, lita na baturi zai iya adana makamashin watt-hours 200 (Wh) kawai. Koyaya, ta 2016, ƙarar baturi ɗaya zai iya adana sama da 700 Wh, fiye da sau uku ƙarfin. Wannan haɓakar ƙarfin ƙarfin kuzari ya ba da izinin ƙarin ƙira mai ƙima da inganci a cikin fasahohi iri-iri, daga motocin lantarki zuwa na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukar nauyi, ƙara haɓaka haɓaka da tasirin waɗannan fasahohin.

Tasiri mai rudani

Nasarar fasahar baturi ta yin amfani da graphene, abu mai tushen carbon, yana da yuwuwar tasiri na dogon lokaci a fagage daban-daban. Baya ga ingantaccen ingancinsa da dorewarsa idan aka kwatanta da lithium-ion, wannan sabon samfurin yana nuna ƙarfin caji na ban mamaki, tare da gwaje-gwajen da ke nuna saurin caji sau 70 fiye da ƙirar lithium-ion na gargajiya. Bugu da ƙari, yana da ƙarfin ajiya sau uku mafi girma, yana ba da ƙarin lokutan amfani da rage buƙatar sake caji akai-akai.

Babban fa'idar wannan baturi na graphene shine ikonsa na aiki ba tare da iyakacin ampere ba, yana kawar da haɗarin zafi. Wannan yana cire buƙatar injin sanyaya, wanda yawanci ya mamaye sarari mai yawa a cikin baturi. Wannan ci gaban yana magance damuwa masu mahimmanci game da tashin hankali na kewayon da kayan aikin caji.

Wannan ci gaban ya dauki hankalin kamfanoni kamar UniQuest da Graphene Manufacturing Group (GMG) a Ostiraliya, wadanda ke nazarin hanyoyin haɓaka fasahar da kuma kawo batir graphene-aluminum zuwa kasuwa. Ƙarin sha'awa da saka hannun jari a wannan sararin yana ba da fifikon girma akan kera batura waɗanda ba nauyi ba ne kawai da inganci har ma da yanayin muhalli da sake yin amfani da su. Yayin da kamfanoni ke ci gaba da tacewa da haɓaka batura masu tushen graphene, amfani da su na iya wuce EVs zuwa masana'antu daban-daban, kamar na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukar hoto, sararin samaniya, da ajiyar makamashi mai sabuntawa.

Tasirin mafi kyawun batir EV

Faɗin tasirin mafi kyawun batir EV na iya haɗawa da:

• Ƙananan batura EV waɗanda za a iya musanya ko caji cikin mintuna, kuma suna haɓaka haɓakar tashoshin cajin EV.
• Ƙananan batura a cikin wuraren ajiyar ƙasa yayin da batir EV ke zama mafi ɗorewa kuma ana iya sake yin amfani da su cikin sauƙi.
• EVs na ci gaba da faɗuwa cikin farashi yayin da adadin da girman batir ɗin da ake buƙata don waɗannan motocin ke raguwa, duk yayin da har yanzu suna baje kolin ajiyar makamashi iri ɗaya da aikin wutar lantarki kamar fasahar baturi na 2021.
• Muhimmiyar canjin zamantakewa zuwa zaɓuɓɓukan sufuri mai tsabta, rage gurɓataccen iska da inganta lafiyar jama'a.
• Haɓaka buƙatun EVs, ƙirƙirar sabbin damar aiki a masana'antu, bincike, da haɓakawa a cikin sashin makamashi mai tsabta.
• Gwamnatoci masu saka hannun jari don cajin kayan more rayuwa da samar da abubuwan ƙarfafawa don haɓaka sauye-sauye zuwa EVs, rage dogaro ga albarkatun mai da haɓaka 'yancin kai na makamashi.
• Rage cunkoson ababen hawa da gurbacewar hayaniya, da inganta rayuwar mazauna wurin.
• Sabbin sabbin abubuwa a cikin ajiyar makamashi mai sabuntawa, suna ba da damar haɗa hanyoyin samar da makamashi na tsaka-tsaki kamar hasken rana da iska a cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki, haɓaka tsarin makamashi mai dorewa da juriya.
• Yiwuwar raguwa a ayyukan masana'antar kera motoci na gargajiya da haɓaka buƙatun ƙwararrun ma'aikata a cikin masana'antar EV.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Ta yaya kuma mafi kyawun batura zasu inganta kwarewar tuƙi?
• Shin akwai wasu fasahar baturi na gaba-gen da kuke tsammanin za su iya samun babban ƙarfi fiye da batir graphene-aluminum?