Mataki: Sauya maganin rigakafi?

KASHIN HOTO:
Hoton hoto
iStock

Mataki: Sauya maganin rigakafi?

Mataki: Sauya maganin rigakafi?

Babban taken rubutu
Magunguna, waɗanda ke magance cututtuka ba tare da barazanar juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta ba, na iya yin maganin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dabbobi wata rana ba tare da yin barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam ba.
    • About the Author:
    • Sunan marubuci
      Quantumrun Haskaka
    • Bari 6, 2022

    Takaitacciyar fahimta

    Hanyoyi, ƙwayoyin cuta da aka ƙera don zaɓen kai hari da kashe takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta, suna ba da kyakkyawan zaɓi ga maganin rigakafi, waɗanda ba su da tasiri saboda yawan amfani da kuma haifar da juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta. Aiwatar da phages ya wuce cututtukan ɗan adam zuwa kiwon dabbobi da samar da abinci, mai yuwuwar haɓaka amfanin gona, rage farashi, da samar da sabbin kayan aikin yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta ga manoma. Abubuwan da ke cikin dogon lokaci na phages sun haɗa da daidaitaccen rarraba abinci na duniya da haɓaka a cikin ƙananan masana'antu na kiwon lafiya, da ƙalubale kamar yuwuwar sakamakon muhalli, muhawarar ɗabi'a, da haɗarin sabbin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

    Mahallin matakai

    Magungunan rigakafi sun ba wa ɗan adam kariya mai mahimmanci daga cututtuka masu yawa a cikin karnin da ya gabata. Duk da haka, yawan amfani da su ya haifar da wasu kwayoyin cuta sun zama masu juriya ga yawancin, kuma a wasu lokuta, duk sanannun maganin rigakafi. An yi sa'a, phages suna wakiltar wani zaɓi mai ban sha'awa don kare gaba mai haɗari mai haɗari mai cike da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. 

    Tsakanin shekarar 2000 zuwa 2015, amfani da maganin rigakafi ya karu da kashi 26.2 cikin dari a duk duniya, a cewar wata kididdiga ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Yawan amfani da maganin rigakafi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya sa ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa da aka yi niyya don haɓaka juriya ga magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan ci gaban ya sa duka mutane da dabbobin dabbobi su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka abubuwan da ake kira “superbugs.” 

    Hanyoyi suna ba da mafita mai ban sha'awa ga wannan yanayin tasowa saboda suna aiki daban-daban fiye da maganin rigakafi; a sauƙaƙe, phages ƙwayoyin cuta ne waɗanda aka ƙirƙira don zaɓin hari da kashe takamaiman nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta. Hanyoyi suna nema sannan a yi musu allura a cikin sel kwayoyin da aka yi niyya, suna haifuwa har sai kwayoyin sun lalace, sannan su watse. Alkawarin da phages ya nuna na maganin ƙwayoyin cuta ya jagoranci Jami'ar Texas A&M don buɗe Cibiyar Fasaha ta Phage a 2010. 

    Tasiri mai rudani

    PGH da wasu masu farawa da yawa sun yi imanin cewa za a iya amfani da phages fiye da cututtukan ɗan adam, musamman a cikin masana'antar dabbobi da samar da abinci. Kwatankwacin arha na kera magungunan phage da samun izinin Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Tarayya a Amurka zai ci gaba da yin farashi daidai da maganin rigakafi da baiwa manoma damar samun sabbin makaman yaki da kwayoyin cuta. Koyaya, ana buƙatar adana phages a zazzabi na 4 ° C, wanda ke haifar da ƙalubalen ajiyar kayan aiki ga amfani da su. 

    Tare da phages daidai gwargwado suna haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta masu mahimmanci don lalata ƙwayoyin cuta da aka yi niyya, manoma ba za su iya ƙara damuwa da haɗarin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dabbobinsu ba. Hakazalika, phages na iya taimaka wa amfanin gonakin abinci don kare kariya daga cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cuta, ta yadda zai taimaka wa manoma don ƙara yawan amfanin gona da kuma riba yayin da za a iya girbe amfanin gona masu girma, kuma a ƙarshe ya ba da damar masana'antar noma don rage farashi da kuma ƙara yawan ribar aiki. 

    Ya zuwa ƙarshen 2020s, waɗannan fa'idodi masu ban sha'awa za su ga an karɓi maganin phage a sikelin kasuwanci, musamman a cikin ƙasashen da ke samar da manyan kayan amfanin gona. Bukatar adana phages a yanayin zafi da ya dace na iya haifar da sabbin nau'ikan raka'o'in firiji ta hannu don tallafawa amfani da phage a cikin masana'antar noma da kiwon lafiya. A madadin, 2030s na iya ganin masana kimiyya suna haɓaka hanyoyin ajiya waɗanda ba sa buƙatar sanyi, kamar bushewar feshi, wanda zai iya ba da damar adana phages a zafin jiki na tsawon lokaci. 

    Abubuwan da ke cikin phages

    Faɗin tasirin phages na iya haɗawa da:

    • rarar abinci da aka samu ta hanyar karuwar girbi da yawan amfanin gona da ake rarrabawa ga kasashen da ke fama da karancin abinci, wanda ke haifar da daidaiton rarraba abinci a duniya da kuma yiwuwar rage yunwa a yankuna masu fama da talauci.
    • Ƙara yawan tsawon rai da rage farashin kiwon lafiya ga marasa lafiya na ɗan adam da dabbobi masu fama da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda a ƙarshe za su iya samun magani lokacin da ba a samu a baya ba, wanda ke haifar da mafi yawan koshin lafiya da tsarin kiwon lafiya mai dorewa.
    • Haɓaka haɓakar ƙaramin masana'antar kiwon lafiya wanda ya keɓe ga bincike, samarwa, da rarrabawa, yana haifar da sabbin damar yin aiki da ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar tattalin arziƙi a ɓangaren fasahar kere kere.
    • Taimakawa alkaluman karuwar yawan jama'a a duk duniya a matsayin phages na iya taimakawa rage yawan mace-macen yara, wanda zai haifar da ingantacciyar yanayin alƙaluma da yuwuwar fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi daga haɓakar ma'aikata.
    • Yiwuwar dogaro akan phages a cikin aikin noma, yana haifar da sakamakon da ba a zata ba da kuma ƙalubalen kiyaye bambancin halittu.
    • Damuwar da'a da muhawara game da amfani da phages a cikin magunguna da aikin gona, wanda ke haifar da sarƙaƙƙiya tsarin tsari wanda zai iya hana ci gaba a wasu yankuna.
    • Yiwuwar ƙetare ko oligopolies don samuwa a cikin masana'antar phage, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa ga waɗannan mahimman albarkatu da yuwuwar tasiri mara kyau ga ƙananan kasuwanci da masu amfani.
    • Haɗarin sabbin nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu jurewa da ke fitowa saboda rashin amfani da phages, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin ƙalubale a cikin kiwon lafiya da yuwuwar rikice-rikicen lafiyar jama'a.

    Tambayoyin da za a duba

    • Menene mummunan tasirin phages zai iya kasancewa kan masana'antar noma da kiwon lafiya? 
    • Shin kun yarda superbugs da ƙwayoyin cuta na iya zama juriya ga phages?