Superbugs: Wani bala'in lafiya da ke kunno kai a duniya?

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• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Fabrairu 14, 2022

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Barazanar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɓaka juriya ga magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, musamman maganin rigakafi, damuwa ce ta lafiyar jama'a. Juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, ya haifar da haɗarin lafiyar lafiyar duniya, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi gargadin cewa juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da mutuwar mutane miliyan 10 nan da shekara ta 2050.

mahallin Superbug

A cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata, likitancin zamani ya taimaka wajen kawar da cututtuka masu yawa waɗanda a da ke zama barazana ga ɗan adam a duniya. A cikin karni na ashirin, musamman, an samar da magunguna da magunguna masu karfi waɗanda suka ba mutane damar rayuwa mafi koshin lafiya da tsawon rai. Abin takaici, yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta sun samo asali kuma sun zama masu tsayayya ga waɗannan kwayoyi. 

Juriya na rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ya haifar da bala'in kiwon lafiyar duniya da ke gabatowa kuma yana faruwa lokacin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙwayoyin cuta, suka rikiɗe don magance tasirin magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, magungunan antimicrobial sun zama marasa tasiri kuma galibi suna buƙatar amfani da magunguna masu ƙarfi. 

Bakteriya masu jure wa miyagun kwayoyi, wadanda aka fi sani da “superbugs,” sun bullo ne a sakamakon wasu dalilai kamar rashin amfani da kwayoyin cuta a magani da noma, gurbacewar masana’antu, hana kamuwa da cuta, da rashin samun ruwa mai tsafta da tsaftar muhalli. Juriya yana tasowa ta hanyar daidaitawar kwayoyin halitta da yawa da kuma maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta, wasu daga cikinsu suna faruwa ba tare da bata lokaci ba, da kuma watsa bayanan kwayoyin halitta a cikin nau'ikan iri.
 
Superbugs na iya sau da yawa hana ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don magance cututtukan gama gari yadda ya kamata kuma sun haifar da barkewar cututtuka da yawa a asibiti a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC), waɗannan nau'ikan suna cutar da mutane sama da miliyan 2.8 kuma suna kashe mutane sama da 35,000 a Amurka kowace shekara. An ƙara samun waɗannan nau'ikan suna yawo a cikin al'ummomi, suna haifar da mummunar haɗarin lafiya. Yaƙi da juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta yana da mahimmanci tunda matsalar tana da yuwuwar zazzagewa daga sarrafawa, tare da AMR Action Fund yana hasashen cewa mace-mace daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ƙaruwa zuwa kusan miliyan 10 a kowace shekara nan da 2050.

Tasiri mai rudani

Duk da barazanar da ke kunno kai a duniya na manyan kwari, har yanzu ana amfani da maganin rigakafi, ba wai kawai don maganin cututtukan ɗan adam ba har ma a cikin masana'antar noma. Ƙara yawan bayanai, duk da haka, ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen asibiti da aka keɓe don sarrafa amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda aka fi sani da "Shirye-shiryen Kula da Kwayoyin cuta," na iya inganta maganin cututtuka da kuma rage mummunan al'amuran da ke hade da amfani da kwayoyin cutar. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna taimaka wa likitoci don haɓaka ingancin kulawar haƙuri da amincin haƙuri ta hanyar haɓaka ƙimar warkewar kamuwa da cuta, rage gazawar jiyya, da ƙara yawan takaddun da suka dace don jiyya da rigakafin. 

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kuma ba da shawarar samar da ingantacciyar dabara mai hadin kai wacce ta shafi rigakafi da gano sabbin magunguna. Duk da haka, zaɓi ɗaya tilo a halin yanzu da ake da shi don magance bullar superbugs shine ta hanyar rigakafin kamuwa da cuta mai inganci. Waɗannan dabarun sun wajabta dakatar da yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da rashin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da kwararrun likitocin ke yi, da kuma tabbatar da cewa majiyyata sun yi amfani da maganin rigakafin da aka rubuta yadda ya kamata ta hanyar shansu kamar yadda aka nuna, da kammala kayyade kwas, da rashin raba su. 

A cikin masana'antun noma, iyakance amfani da maganin rigakafi ga maganin dabbobin da ba su da lafiya kawai, da rashin amfani da su azaman abubuwan haɓaka ga dabbobi na iya zama mahimmanci a yaƙin da ake yi da ƙwayoyin cuta. 

A halin yanzu, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙididdigewa da saka hannun jari a cikin bincike na aiki, da kuma a cikin bincike da haɓaka sabbin magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, alluran rigakafi, da kayan aikin bincike, musamman waɗanda ke yin niyya mai mahimmancin ƙwayoyin gram-korau kamar Enterobacteriaceae mai jure carbapenem da Acinetobacter baumannii. 

Asusun Tallafawa Resistance Antimicrobial, Asusun Amincewa da Tsare-Tsare Multi-Partner Trust, da Cibiyar Bincike da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru. Gwamnatoci da yawa, ciki har da na Sweden, Jamus, Amurka, da Burtaniya, suna gwada tsarin biyan kuɗi don samar da mafita na dogon lokaci a yaƙi da manyan kwari.

Tasirin superbugs

Mafi girman tasirin juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haɗawa da:

• Tsawon zaman asibiti, tsadar magani, da karuwar mace-mace.
• Yin tiyatar dashen gaɓoɓin jiki yana ƙara zama mai haɗari tun lokacin da masu karɓar ƙwayoyin cuta ba su iya yaƙar cututtuka masu barazana ga rayuwa ba tare da maganin rigakafi ba.
• Hanyoyin warkewa da hanyoyin kamar chemotherapy, sassan caesarean, da appendectomies suna zama mafi haɗari sosai ba tare da ingantaccen maganin rigakafi don rigakafi da maganin cututtuka ba. (Idan kwayoyin cuta suka shiga cikin jini, za su iya haifar da septicemia mai barazanar rai.)
• Ciwon huhu yana ƙara yaɗuwa kuma yana iya dawowa kamar yadda ake kashe mutane da yawa, musamman a tsakanin tsofaffi.
• Juriya na rigakafi a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na dabba wanda zai iya yin mummunan tasiri kai tsaye ga lafiyar dabba da jin daɗin rayuwa. (Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaɗuwa kuma suna iya haifar da asarar tattalin arziki a cikin samar da abinci.)

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Shin kuna ganin yakin da ake yi da manyan kwaroron roba lamari ne na kimiyya da magani ko wani lamari ne na al'umma da halayya?
• Wanene kuke ganin yana buƙatar jagorantar canjin ɗabi'a: mara lafiya, likita, masana'antar harhada magunguna ta duniya, ko masu tsara manufofi?
• Idan akai la'akari da barazanar juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta, kuna tsammanin za a ci gaba da ci gaba da ayyuka irin su maganin rigakafi ga mutane masu lafiya "a cikin haɗari"?