Alurar rigakafi: Abokai ko Makiya?

A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka, alluran rigakafi sune kayayyakin da ke motsa garkuwar jikin mutum don samar da rigakafi ga wata cuta, a ƙarshe suna kare mutum daga wannan cuta. An yi la'akari da allurar rigakafin da ceton miliyoyin rayuka, amma shin kuma za su iya cutar da masu karɓar ba tare da juyewa ba?

Tambayi kanka: Kuna jin lafiya ta amfani da alluran rigakafi? Shin alluran rigakafi suna da fa'ida ga lafiyar ɗan adam, ko mai hanawa? Idan akwai kasadar lafiya da suka zo tare da alluran rigakafi za ku ba wa yaronku? Bisa la’akari da lafiyar al’ummar mu, shin ya kamata gwamnati ta ba da umarnin alluran rigakafi?

Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) ta ba da shawarar samun allurai 28 na alluran rigakafi 10, ga yara masu shekaru 0 zuwa shida, amma adadin alluran da ake bukata da yaro ya dogara a wace jiha ce yaro yana rayuwa. Montana na buƙatar alluran rigakafi guda uku, yayin da Connecticut ke buƙatar mafi girma, 10. A yawancin jihohi, iyaye na iya guje wa alurar riga kafi ga ɗansu ta hanyar iƙirarin ya saba wa imaninsu na addini ko falsafa. Duk da haka, har zuwa 30^th na Yuli, 2015, a jihar California, wannan zaɓin ba na iyaye ba ne - na jihar ne.

A lokacin rani na 2015, gwamnan California ya amince da Dokar Majalisar Dattijai (SB) 277 - lissafin lafiyar jama'a wanda ya bayyana a bude:

“Dokar da ta wanzu ta haramta wa hukumar gudanarwar makaranta ko wata cibiya shigar da kowane mutum ba tare da wani sharadi ba a matsayin almajiri na kowace makarantar firamare ko sakandare ta gwamnati ko mai zaman kanta, cibiyar kula da yara, gidan gandun daji, makarantar reno, gidan kula da iyali, ko cibiyar ci gaba. sai dai kafin a shigar da shi wannan cibiyar an yi masa allurar rigakafin cututtuka daban-daban, da suka hada da kyanda, cutar sankarau, da tari, dangane da kowane takamaiman shekaru.”

A cewar CDC, dalilin da ya sa ya kamata a yi wa yaro rigakafin shi ne don kare su daga ɗimbin cututtuka da yara ke iya kamuwa da su. Waɗannan cututtuka sun haɗa da diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae (Hib), polio, da cutar pneumococcal, kuma galibi ana yin maganin su ta hanyar DTaP ko MMR. Koyaya, ba a ba da shawarar alluran rigakafin ga yara kawai ba, har ma ga manya da ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya.

Hukumar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kanada/Cibiyoyin Nazarin Lafiya na Kanada (PCIRN) ne suka gudanar da bincike don auna fahimtar zaɓi tsakanin karɓar maganin mura na shekara-shekara, ko tilastawa sanya abin rufe fuska a matsayin yanayin aiki. Wannan binciken, wanda manufarsa ita ce mayar da hankali kan fahimtar jama'a ta yanar gizo game da wannan zabi, ya gano cewa kusan rabin mahalarta sun nuna adawa da shi.

"Kusan rabin (48%) na masu sharhi sun bayyana ra'ayi mara kyau game da maganin mura, 28% sun kasance masu kyau, 20% sun kasance tsaka tsaki, kuma 4% sun bayyana ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa. ya haɗa da damuwa game da 'yancin zaɓe, tasirin rigakafin, amincin haƙuri, da rashin yarda da gwamnati, lafiyar jama'a, da masana'antar harhada magunguna."

Wannan binciken ya nuna ƙwararrun masana kiwon lafiya da yawa ba sa goyon bayan allurar rigakafi, saboda rashin amana. Wasu na rashin yarda da ingancin maganin, wasu kuma na rashin amincewa da masu aiwatar da wadannan alluran rigakafin, suna masu cewa ya kamata ‘yancin zabi ya kawar da aniyar gwamnati na sanya wani abu a jikin mutum.

A cikin waɗannan lokuta, idan ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ba su sami allurar rigakafi ba ko kuma ba su sanya abin rufe fuska ba, za a iya dakatar da aikinsu saboda rashin bin ƙa'idodinsu. Tsoron da ke damun mutane da yawa shine game da SB 277, kuma gaskiyar cewa ba za mu iya samun 'yancin zaɓar ko muna so mu yi wa yaranmu allurar ko a'a ba.

Duk da haka, me yasa damuwa ko tsoron alluran rigakafi? Suna nan don taimaka wa yaranmu su yi rayuwa lafiya, ko ba haka ba? Tambayar dala miliyan kenan - wacce CDC ta amsa, a cikin bincike.

Akwai sinadirai da yawa a cikin alluran rigakafin da za su iya tsoratar da jama'a, ciki har da formaldehyde, mercury, MSG, maganin saniya na bovine, da sinadarai masu ƙonewa sosai kamar aluminum phosphate. Wadannan sinadarai na iya zana alamar ja a tsakanin iyaye da yawa, amma babbar gardama game da alluran rigakafin ita ce dubun dubatar iyaye da suka yi iƙirarin cewa, bayan an yi wa ɗansu allurar, sun nuna manyan alamun halayen autistic.

Ko da yake an gaya wa jama'a cewa su yi imani cewa alluran rigakafi suna nan ne kawai don amfanin bil'adama tare da samar da kyakkyawar makoma, akwai lokuta a baya inda alluran rigakafi suka haifar da matsalolin lafiya ga wadanda suka samu.

A cikin 1987, an yi amfani da rigakafin MMR mai suna Trivivix kuma an samar da shi a Kanada ta SmithKline Beecham. Wannan maganin ya haifar da cutar sankarau a cikin masu karɓa. An gane mummunan tasirinsa da sauri, kuma an cire maganin a Kanada. Koyaya, a cikin wannan watan an cire shi a cikin Ontario, Trivivix ya sami lasisi a Burtaniya ƙarƙashin sabon suna, Pluserix. An yi amfani da Pluserix tsawon shekaru hudu kuma ya haifar da cutar sankarau shima. Hakanan dole ne a janye shi a cikin 1992 saboda kukan jama'a da rashin kwarin gwiwa ga masu yin rigakafin rigakafi. Maimakon lalata wannan rigakafin da ke kawo cikas ga lafiyar yara 1,000, Pluserix an tura shi zuwa kasashe masu tasowa kamar Brazil, inda aka yi amfani da shi a yakin neman rigakafin cutar sankarau.

Ko da yake alluran rigakafi sun cutar da wasu masu karɓar ta a baya, har yanzu ba a sami tabbataccen shaidar da CDC ta yi wa jama'a da ke tabbatar da alaƙa tsakanin allurar rigakafi da Autism.

"A cikin magani, an yi nazari da yawa da suka tabbatar da alluran rigakafi ba sa haifar da Autism. Matsalar da na saba da ita ita ce dubban da dubban iyaye duk suna ba da labari iri ɗaya: 'Yara na ya sami maganin rigakafi, yawanci maganin MMR. Sai wannan dare, ko washegari, sai zazzabi ya tashi; sannan lokacin da suka fito daga zazzabi sun rasa magana ko iya tafiya," in ji Del Bigtree, dan jaridar likita.

Abin da muka sani game da autism shine cewa yana girma a cikin yara a cikin sauri. A cikin shekarun 1970, ana iya samun nakasar autistic a cikin 1 cikin 10,000 yara. A cikin 2016, bisa ga CDC, ana iya samun shi a cikin 1 cikin yara 68. Maza sun fi kamuwa da Autism a cikin adadin 3:1. Ana iya samun Autism na namiji a ma'aunin 1 cikin 42, yayin da 1 cikin 189 'yan mata aka gano suna da Autism. A cikin 2014, akwai 1,082,353 da aka gano na Autism a Amurka.

Autism yana haifar da nakasu da yawa a cikin yaro, wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da rashin iya riƙe bayanai, halayen maimaitawa, rashin kusanci, cutar da kai, yawan kururuwa, da rashin iya auna ji, a tsakanin yawan sauran alamun. Idan ɗayan waɗannan halayen sun taso a cikin ɗanku, ana ba da shawarar ku nemi kulawar likita. Akwai dubban lokuta na iyaye suna lura da wasu daga cikin waɗannan alamun da ke faruwa a cikin 'ya'yansu bayan sun karbi maganin MMR ko DTaP.

"Abin da ya zama mai ban sha'awa shi ne ganin adadin iyalai da ke ba da rahoton cewa ɗansu yana da wani nau'in hali na koma baya bayan an yi musu rigakafin. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan iyayen yana nuna mani hotunan 'ya'yansu waɗanda suka ci gaba da haɓaka gaba ɗaya har zuwa watanni 18, sannan kwatsam, bayan allurar rigakafin, sun sami koma baya mai ban mamaki, "in ji Doreen Granpeesheh Ph.D., wanda ya kafa Cibiyar BCBA Autism da Cutar da ke da alaƙa. "Yaran da ke da magana a ko'ina kusa da kalmomi 50-100 sun rasa dukkan kalmominsu gaba ɗaya. Yaran da suka kasance masu shakuwa da mu'amala da iyayensu ba zato ba tsammani sun zama keɓe, sun daina amsa sunan nasu. Wannan duk yana faruwa daidai bayan allurar MMR ɗin su. ”

Tambayoyin da ke tattare da alakar alluran rigakafi da Autism an kawo su a cikin al'ummar kimiyya, da kuma manyan matakan siyasa. A cikin 2002, dan majalisar dokokin Amurka Dan Burton ya shiga zazzafar zance a gaban majalisa, saboda rashin gaskiya a sakamakon binciken da kamfanonin harhada magunguna suka yi game da alluran rigakafi. Burton ya yi wata muhimmiyar tambaya: ta yaya za mu magance wannan matsala a nan gaba?

"A da 1 cikin 10,000 ne, kuma yanzu 1 cikin yara sama da 250 da ake lalatawa a kasar nan ne masu cutar Autism, yanzu yaran za su girma, ba za su mutu ba... Za mu rayu har ya kai shekara 50, 60. Yanzu wa kuke tunanin zai kula da su, zai zama mu, mu duka, masu biyan haraji, za a ci… "Kada kamfanonin harhada magunguna da gwamnatinmu su rufe wannan rudani a yau saboda ba za ta tafi ba," in ji Burton.

An tambayi manyan jami'an CDC game da yuwuwar alakar dake tsakanin alluran rigakafi da Autism, kuma wasu sun yarda da yiwuwar samun halayen autistic saboda allurar MMR ko DTaP:

“Yanzu, mun san cewa allurar rigakafi na iya haifar da zazzaɓi a wasu lokuta a cikin yara. Don haka idan an yi wa yaro rigakafi, ya sami zazzaɓi, yana da wasu matsaloli daga alluran rigakafin, kuma idan kun kasance mai saurin kamuwa da cutar mitochondrial, tabbas zai iya haifar da lalacewa. Wasu daga cikin alamun na iya zama alamun da ke da halayen Autism, "in ji tsohuwar darektan CDC, Julie Gerberding MD, yayin wata hira da CNN. 

Gerberding ba shine kawai ma'aikacin CDC da yayi magana game da yuwuwar alaƙa tsakanin alluran rigakafi da Autism ba. William W. Thompson, mutumin da ya zama irin na tatsuniyoyi bayan ya zama mai ba da labari na CDC, ya kuma tona asirin game da binciken da ya yi a kimiyance kan alluran rigakafi. Thompson, Babban Masanin Kimiyya da Cututtuka a CDC, ya dauki hayar lauya a watan Oktoba 2002 lokacin da ya gano cewa abin da aka buga daga CDC game da amincin rigakafin ba gaskiya bane. A watan Agusta na 2014, Thompson ya fito fili tare da wannan bayanin:

"Sunana William Thompson. Ni Babban Masanin Kimiyya ne tare da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka, inda na yi aiki tun 1998. Na yi baƙin ciki cewa ni da mawallafana mun bar bayanan ƙididdiga a cikin labarinmu na 2004 da aka buga a mujallar Pediatrics. Bayanan da aka tsallake sun nuna cewa mazan Ba-Amurke da suka karɓi rigakafin MMR kafin shekaru 36 sun kasance cikin haɗari ga autism. An yanke shawara game da binciken da za a bayar bayan an tattara bayanan, kuma na yi imanin cewa ba a bi ka'idar binciken karshe ba."

Thompson ya gano cewa mazan Ba’amurke da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi kafin su kai shekaru uku sun fi kusan kashi 340 cikin 3 na kamuwa da cutar autistic. Ko da yake haɗarin ya fi girma a Amurkawa na Afirka, haɗarin Autism ya hauhawa sosai ga kowane yaro da ke karɓar rigakafin kafin ya kai shekaru XNUMX.

"Ya Ubangijina, ba zan iya yarda da cewa mun yi abin da muka yi ba, amma mun yi," in ji Thompson ga wani dan jarida, game da ikirari nasa. Ina jin kunya sosai a yanzu lokacin da na sadu da iyalan yara masu autism saboda na kasance cikin matsalar. "