Bacteria da CO2: Yin amfani da ikon ƙwayoyin cuta masu cin carbon

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Bacteria da CO2: Yin amfani da ikon ƙwayoyin cuta masu cin carbon

Bacteria da CO2: Yin amfani da ikon ƙwayoyin cuta masu cin carbon

Babban taken rubutu
Masana kimiyya suna haɓaka matakai waɗanda ke ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin cuta don ɗaukar ƙarin iskar carbon daga muhalli.
    • About the Author:
    • Sunan marubuci
      Quantumrun Haskaka
    • Disamba 1, 2022

    Takaitacciyar fahimta

    Ƙarfin shan carbon na Algae zai iya zama ɗaya daga cikin kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci don rage sauyin yanayi. Masana kimiyya sun dade suna nazarin wannan tsari na halitta don rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli da kuma samar da makamashin halittu masu gurbata muhalli. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na dogon lokaci na wannan ci gaba na iya haɗawa da ƙarin bincike kan fasahohin kama carbon da amfani da hankali na wucin gadi don sarrafa haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta.

    Bacteria da CO2 mahallin

    Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na cire carbon dioxide (CO2) daga iska; duk da haka, raba rafin carbon daga sauran iskar gas da gurɓataccen iska yana da tsada. Mafi ɗorewar bayani shine noma ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su algae, waɗanda ke samar da makamashi ta hanyar photosynthesis ta hanyar cinye CO2, ruwa, da hasken rana. Masana kimiyya sun yi ta gwaji da hanyoyin da za su canza wannan makamashi zuwa man fetur. 

    A cikin 2007, Kanada na Quebec City's CO2 Solutions ya haifar da wani nau'in kwayoyin halitta na E. coli wanda ke samar da enzymes don cin carbon kuma ya juya shi zuwa bicarbonate, wanda ba shi da lahani. Mai kara kuzari wani bangare ne na tsarin samar da kwayoyin halitta wanda za a iya fadada shi don kama hayaki daga masana'antar wutar lantarki da ke amfani da makamashin burbushin halittu.

    Tun daga wannan lokacin, fasaha da bincike sun ci gaba. A cikin 2019, Kamfanin Hypergiant Industries na Amurka ya kirkiro Eos Bioreactor. Na'urar tana da ƙafa 3 x 3 x 7 (90 x 90 x 210 cm). An yi niyya a sanya shi a cikin saitunan birane inda yake kamawa da kuma sarrafa carbon daga iska yayin samar da albarkatun ruwa mai tsafta wanda zai iya yuwuwar rage sawun carbon na gini. 

    Reactor yana amfani da microalgae, wani nau'in da aka sani da Chlorella Vulgaris, kuma an ce yana shan CO2 fiye da kowace shuka. Algae yana girma a cikin tsarin bututu da tafki a cikin na'urar, cike da iska kuma an fallasa shi zuwa hasken wucin gadi, yana ba shuka abin da yake buƙatar girma da samar da albarkatun halittu don tarawa. A cewar masana'antun Hypergiant, Eos Bioreactor yana da tasiri sau 400 wajen ɗaukar carbon fiye da bishiyoyi. Wannan fasalin ya kasance saboda software na koyon injin da ke kula da tsarin haɓakar algae, gami da sarrafa haske, yanayin zafi, da matakan pH don mafi girman fitarwa.

    Tasiri mai rudani

    Kayayyakin masana'antu, kamar acetone da isopropanol (IPA), suna da jimlar kasuwar duniya sama da dala biliyan 10. Acetone da isopropanol sune maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta da ake amfani dasu sosai. Tushen ne don ɗayan Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) biyu da aka ba da shawarar ƙirar tsabtace tsabta, waɗanda ke da tasiri sosai ga SARS-CoV-2. Acetone kuma wani kaushi ne na polymers da yawa da zaruruwan roba, resin polyester na bakin ciki, kayan aikin tsaftacewa, da cire ƙusa. Saboda yawan samar da su, waɗannan sinadarai sune wasu manyan abubuwan fitar da carbon.

    A cikin 2022, masu bincike daga Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma a Illinois sun yi haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanin sake yin amfani da carbon Lanza Tech don ganin yadda ƙwayoyin cuta za su iya rushe sharar gida CO2 kuma su mayar da ita cikin sinadarai masu mahimmanci na masana'antu. Masu binciken sunyi amfani da kayan aikin ilimin halitta don sake tsara kwayoyin cuta, Clostridium autoethanogenum (wanda aka tsara a LanzaTech), don sa acetone da IPA su kasance masu dorewa ta hanyar haƙar gas.

    Wannan fasaha tana kawar da iskar gas daga sararin samaniya kuma baya amfani da mai don ƙirƙirar sinadarai. Binciken da kungiyar ta yi a tsawon rayuwarta ya nuna cewa, dandalin carbon-negative, idan aka karbe shi a kan babban sikeli, yana da yuwuwar rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli da kashi 160 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin. Ƙungiyoyin binciken suna tsammanin cewa ƙwaƙƙwaran da aka haɓaka da fasaha na fermentation za su iya haɓaka. Masana kimiyya kuma za su iya amfani da tsarin don tsara hanyoyin gaggawa don ƙirƙirar wasu muhimman sinadarai.

    Abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin cuta da CO2

    Faɗin tasirin amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta don kama CO2 na iya haɗawa da: 

    • Kamfanoni a cikin masana'antu masu nauyi daban-daban suna yin kwangilar kamfanonin bioscience zuwa algae na bioengineer waɗanda za su iya ƙware don cinyewa da canza takamaiman sinadarai da kayan sharar gida daga tsire-tsire masu samarwa, duka don rage fitar da CO2 / gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu da ƙirƙirar samfuran sharar gida mai fa'ida. 
    • Ƙarin bincike da kuɗi don mafita na yanayi don kama hayaƙin carbon.
    • Wasu kamfanonin masana'antu suna haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin fasahar kama carbon don canzawa zuwa fasahar kore da karɓar rangwamen harajin carbon.
    • Ƙarin ƙungiyoyin farawa da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan rarrabuwar carbon ta hanyoyin nazarin halittu, gami da takin ƙarfe na teku da tsiro.
    • Yin amfani da fasahar koyon injin don daidaita ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta da haɓaka fitarwa.
    • Gwamnatoci suna haɗin gwiwa tare da cibiyoyin bincike don nemo wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama carbon don cika alkawurran sifirin su nan da 2050.

    Tambayoyin da za a duba

    • Menene sauran fa'idodin amfani da mafita na halitta don magance hayaƙin carbon?
    • Ta yaya ƙasarku ke magance hayakin carbon da take fitarwa?

    Nassoshi masu hankali

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