Rashin nauyi CRISPR: Maganin kwayoyin halitta don kiba

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  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Maris 22, 2022

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Jiyya na asarar nauyi na tushen CRISPR suna kan gaba, suna canza ƙwayoyin kitse "mara kyau" zuwa sel mai launin ruwan kasa "mai kyau" don taimakawa marasa lafiya su rasa nauyi, tare da yuwuwar aikace-aikacen sarrafa ciwon sukari. Bincike daga jami'o'i daban-daban ya nuna yuwuwar amfani da fasahar CRISPR don haifar da asarar nauyi a cikin ƙirar beraye, kuma manazarta sun yi hasashen cewa hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na ɗan adam na iya samun damar zuwa tsakiyar 2030s. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na dogon lokaci na wannan yanayin sun haɗa da yuwuwar canji a cikin maganin kiba a duniya, sabbin damammaki don haɓakawa a cikin fasahar kere-kere da sassan kiwon lafiya, da buƙatar ƙa'idodin gwamnati don tabbatar da aminci, ɗabi'a, da samun dama.

Mahallin asarar nauyi na CRISPR 

Farin kitse an fi saninsa da “mara kyau” kitse saboda suna adana kuzari a wurare kamar ciki. A cikin CRISPR da aka ba da shawara (clustered akai-akai interspaced short palindromic repeats) -tushen jiyya na asarar nauyi, ana fitar da waɗannan kwayoyin halitta kuma an gyara su ta amfani da fasaha na musamman dangane da fasahar CRISPR wanda ke canza waɗannan kwayoyin zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko mai kyau mai mai, yana taimakawa marasa lafiya su rasa nauyi. 

Masu bincike daga Cibiyar Ciwon sukari ta Joslin da ke Boston, da sauransu, sun fitar da aikin tabbatar da ra'ayi a cikin 2020 wanda zai iya taimakawa tabbatar da hanyoyin kwantar da kiba na tushen CRISPR gaskiya. A yayin gwaje-gwajen da ke gudana, an yi amfani da magani na tushen CRISPR don canza sel fararen kitse na ɗan adam don su zama kamar ƙwayoyin kitse mai launin ruwan kasa. Duk da yake wannan tsoma baki ba zai iya haifar da sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin nauyin jiki ba, akwai canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin glucose homeostasis, daga kashi 5 zuwa 10, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga kula da ciwon sukari. A sakamakon haka, mayar da hankali kan binciken kiba a hankali yana juyawa zuwa hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta.

Masu bincike daga Jami'ar California sun yi amfani da CRISPR don haɓaka satiety ɗaga kwayoyin halittar SIM1 da MC4R a cikin ƙirar beraye masu kiba. A Jami'ar Hanyang da ke Seoul, masu bincike sun hana kwayar cutar FABP4 mai haifar da kiba a cikin farin adipose nama ta amfani da hanyar tsangwama ta CRISPR, wanda ke haifar da asarar berayen kashi 20 na nauyinsu na asali. Bugu da kari, bisa ga masu bincike a Harvard, sel HUMBLE (mai launin ruwan kasa mai-kamar) na iya kunna nama mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin jiki ta hanyar haɓaka matakan sinadarai na nitric oxide, wanda zai iya daidaita ƙarfin kuzari da tsarin jiki. Waɗannan binciken sun tabbatar da yuwuwar amfani da CRISPR-Cas9 don haifar da halaye masu kama da kitse mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin yawan kitsen mai haƙuri.

Tasiri mai rudani

Samun damar hanyoyin kwantar da kiba na tushen CRISPR ta tsakiyar 2030s na iya ba da sabon zaɓi don asarar nauyi, musamman ga waɗanda suka sami hanyoyin gargajiya ba su da tasiri. Koyaya, farashin farko na waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iya iyakance samuwarsu ga waɗanda ke da matsananciyar buƙatun asarar nauyi da sauri. A tsawon lokaci, yayin da fasahar ke ƙara yin gyare-gyare kuma farashin ya ragu, yana iya zama mafita da ake samu a ko'ina, mai yuwuwar canza yadda ake kula da kiba a duniya.

Ga kamfanoni, musamman waɗanda ke cikin sassan fasahar kere kere da kiwon lafiya, haɓakar waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iya buɗe sabbin kasuwanni da damar haɓaka. Ƙara yawan sha'awar binciken irin wannan na iya haifar da ƙarin kudade da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban, ciki har da cibiyoyin bincike, kamfanonin harhada magunguna, da masu ba da lafiya. Wannan yanayin kuma na iya haifar da gasa, wanda zai haifar da haɓaka hanyoyin kwantar da hankali masu inganci da araha, waɗanda za su iya amfana da fa'idodin marasa lafiya.

Gwamnatoci na iya buƙatar taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsarawa da tallafawa haɓakawa da aiwatar da hanyoyin kwantar da kiba na tushen CRISPR. Tabbatar da aminci, la'akari da ɗabi'a, da samun dama za su kasance manyan ƙalubalen da ke buƙatar magance su. Hakanan gwamnatoci na iya buƙatar saka hannun jari a cikin yaƙin neman zaɓe na ilimi da wayar da kan jama'a don taimakawa mutane su fahimci fa'idodi da haɗarin wannan sabuwar hanyar rage nauyi. 

Abubuwan da ke tattare da hanyoyin kwantar da asarar nauyi na CRISPR

Faɗin fa'idodin hanyoyin kwantar da asarar nauyi na CRISPR na iya haɗawa da:

• Taimakawa don rage yawan mace-macen shekara-shekara na duniya da ke da alaƙa da rikice-rikice na likita saboda kiba, yana haifar da mafi yawan koshin lafiya da yuwuwar rage farashin kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da kiba.
• Haɓaka saka hannun jari a cikin ƙarin shirye-shiryen bincike na tushen CRISPR waɗanda zasu iya samar da abubuwan haɓakawa da yawa ga lafiyar ɗan adam, daga hana tsufa zuwa maganin cutar kansa, yana haifar da faffadan hanyoyin magance magunguna.
• Tallafawa ci gaban dakunan shan magani ta hanyar samar musu da hanyar da za su fara samar da hanyoyin samar da kyaututtuka na kwayoyin halitta, baya ga daidaitaccen aikin tiyata da alluran da suke bayarwa, wanda ke haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a masana'antar kyan gani.
• Rage dogaro ga samfuran asarar nauyi na magunguna, wanda ke haifar da sauye-sauye a masana'antar harhada magunguna da hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga.
• Gwamnatoci suna aiwatar da ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a don hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na tushen CRISPR, waɗanda ke haifar da daidaitattun ayyuka da tabbatar da amincin haƙuri da samun dama.
• Matsakaicin raguwa a cikin buƙatar tiyata na asarar nauyi mai haɗari, yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin ayyukan tiyata da yuwuwar rage haɗarin da ke tattare da irin waɗannan hanyoyin.
• Sauya ra'ayi na jama'a da ka'idojin zamantakewa game da asarar nauyi da siffar jiki, yana haifar da ƙarin yarda da maganganun kwayoyin halitta a matsayin zaɓi mai dacewa don lafiyar mutum da jin dadi.
• Ƙirƙirar sabbin damar yin aiki a fannin fasahar kere-kere, ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta, da kulawar likita na musamman, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka a waɗannan sassa da buƙatar sabbin shirye-shiryen ilimi da takaddun shaida.
• Bambance-bambancen tattalin arziki a cikin samun damar yin amfani da hanyoyin kwantar da kiba na tushen CRISPR, wanda ke haifar da yuwuwar rashin daidaito a cikin kiwon lafiya, da kuma buƙatar aiwatar da manufofin don tabbatar da cewa waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali suna samun dama ga duk ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar zamantakewa.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Kuna goyan bayan ra'ayin ingantaccen asarar kitse na likitanci?
• Shin kun yi imani wannan maganin asarar nauyi na CRISPR zai zama zaɓi na kasuwanci mai yiwuwa a cikin gasa a kasuwar asarar nauyi?