Na'urori masu gano cututtuka: Gano cututtuka kafin ya yi latti

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Na'urori masu gano cututtuka: Gano cututtuka kafin ya yi latti

Na'urori masu gano cututtuka: Gano cututtuka kafin ya yi latti

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Masu bincike suna haɓaka na'urori waɗanda za su iya gano cututtukan ɗan adam don ƙara yuwuwar tsira ga marasa lafiya.
    • About the Author:
    • Sunan marubuci
      Quantumrun Haskaka
    • Oktoba 3, 2022

    Takaitacciyar fahimta

    Masana kimiyya suna amfani da fasahar firikwensin firikwensin da hankali na wucin gadi (AI) don gano cututtuka da wuri, mai yuwuwar canza tsarin kiwon lafiya tare da na'urorin da ke kwaikwayi ikon karnuka na jin warin cuta ko amfani da kayan sawa don saka idanu mahimman alamun. Wannan fasahar da ta fito ta nuna alƙawarin yin hasashen cututtuka kamar Parkinson's da COVID-19, kuma ƙarin bincike yana nufin haɓaka daidaito da faɗaɗa aikace-aikace. Wadannan ci gaban na iya ba da muhimmiyar tasiri ga kiwon lafiya, daga kamfanonin inshora da ke amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don bin diddigin bayanan haƙuri zuwa gwamnatocin da ke haɗa ƙididdigar tushen firikwensin cikin manufofin lafiyar jama'a.

    mahallin firikwensin gano cuta

    Ganowa da wuri da ganewar asali na iya ceton rayuka, musamman ga cututtuka ko cututtuka waɗanda zasu ɗauki watanni ko shekaru kafin bayyanar cututtuka. Misali, cutar Parkinson (PD) tana haifar da tabarbarewar mota (misali, rawar jiki, taurin kai, da matsalolin motsi) akan lokaci. Ga mutane da yawa, lalacewar ba za ta iya dawowa ba lokacin da suka gano rashin lafiyarsu. Don magance wannan batu, masana kimiyya suna bincike daban-daban na na'urori masu auna sigina da na'urorin da za su iya gano cututtuka, daga masu amfani da hancin karnuka zuwa masu amfani da na'ura (ML). 

    A cikin 2021, haɗin gwiwar masu bincike, ciki har da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT), Jami'ar Harvard, Jami'ar Johns Hopkins a Maryland, da Dogs Detection a Milton Keynes, sun gano cewa za su iya horar da basirar wucin gadi (AI) don kwaikwayi irin karnuka. kamshin cuta. Binciken ya gano cewa shirin ML ya yi daidai da nasarar da karnuka ke samu wajen gano wasu cututtuka, ciki har da ciwon daji na prostate. 

    Aikin binciken ya tattara samfuran fitsari daga duka marasa lafiya da masu lafiya; An yi nazarin waɗannan samfurori don kwayoyin da zasu iya nuna kasancewar cututtuka. Ƙungiyar binciken ta horar da ƙungiyar karnuka don gane ƙamshin ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma masu bincike sun kwatanta yawan nasarar da suka samu wajen gano cututtuka da na ML. A cikin gwajin samfuran iri ɗaya, hanyoyin biyu sun sami daidaito sama da kashi 70 cikin ɗari. Masu bincike suna fatan gwada ƙarin saitin bayanai don nuna mahimman alamun cututtuka daban-daban daki-daki. Wani misali na firikwensin gano cuta shine wanda MIT da Jami'ar Johns Hopkins suka haɓaka. Wannan firikwensin yana amfani da hancin karnuka don gano kansar mafitsara. Duk da haka, yayin da aka yi nasarar gwada na'urar firikwensin akan karnuka, har yanzu akwai sauran aikin da za a yi don sanya shi dacewa da amfani da asibiti.

    Tasiri mai rudani

    A cikin 2022, masu bincike sun haɓaka e-hanci, ko tsarin olfactory na AI, wanda zai iya yuwuwar tantance PD ta mahaɗan wari akan fata. Don gina wannan fasaha, masana kimiyya daga kasar Sin sun haɗu da iskar gas chromatography (GC) -mass spectrometry tare da firikwensin sautin sautin murya da ML algorithms. GC na iya yin nazarin mahaɗan wari daga sebum (wani abu mai mai da fatar ɗan adam ke samarwa). Bayan haka, masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da bayanin don gina algorithm don yin hasashen kasancewar PD daidai, tare da daidaiton kashi 70 cikin ɗari. Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka yi amfani da ML don nazarin dukkan samfuran warin, daidaito ya tashi zuwa kashi 79. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike tare da girman samfuri daban-daban.

    A halin da ake ciki, yayin tsayin cutar ta COVID-19, bincike kan bayanan da aka tattara ta hanyar sawa, kamar Fitbit, Apple Watch, da Samsung Galaxy smartwatch, ya nuna cewa waɗannan na'urori na iya yuwuwar gano kamuwa da cuta. Tun da waɗannan na'urori na iya tattara bayanan zuciya da iskar oxygen, yanayin barci, da matakan aiki, za su iya gargaɗi masu amfani da yiwuwar cututtuka. 

    Musamman, Asibitin Dutsen Sinai ya yi nazarin bayanan Apple Watch daga majiyyata 500 kuma ya gano cewa waɗanda cutar ta COVID-19 ta kamu da ita sun nuna canje-canje a cikin yanayin canjin zuciyarsu. Masu bincike suna fatan cewa wannan binciken zai iya haifar da amfani da kayan sawa don ƙirƙirar tsarin ganowa da wuri ga sauran ƙwayoyin cuta kamar mura da mura. Hakanan ana iya tsara tsarin faɗakarwa don gano wuraren kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta a nan gaba, inda sassan kiwon lafiya za su iya shiga tsakani kafin waɗannan cututtukan su zama annoba mai saurin gaske.

    Abubuwan na'urori masu gano cututtuka

    Faɗin abubuwan na'urorin gano rashin lafiya na iya haɗawa da: 

    • Masu ba da inshora suna haɓaka na'urori masu gano rashin lafiya don bin diddigin bayanan kula da lafiya. 
    • Masu amfani da ke saka hannun jari a na'urori masu auna firikwensin AI-taimaka da na'urori waɗanda ke gano cututtukan da ba kasafai ba da yuwuwar bugun zuciya da kamewa.
    • Haɓaka damar kasuwanci don masana'antun sawa don haɓaka na'urori don bin diddigin haƙuri na ainihin lokaci.
    • Likitoci suna mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin shawarwari maimakon bincike. Misali, ta hanyar haɓaka amfani da na'urori masu gano rashin lafiya don taimakawa wajen gano cutar, likitoci na iya ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin haɓaka tsare-tsaren jiyya na keɓaɓɓen.
    • Ƙungiyoyin bincike, jami'o'i, da hukumomin tarayya suna haɗin gwiwa don ƙirƙirar na'urori da software don haɓaka bincike, kula da marasa lafiya, da kuma gano adadin yawan jama'a.
    • Yaɗuwar na'urori masu gano rashin lafiya waɗanda ke ƙarfafa masu ba da lafiya don matsawa zuwa ƙirar kiwon lafiya mai tsinkaya, wanda ke haifar da tsoma baki a baya da ingantattun sakamakon haƙuri.
    • Gwamnatoci da ke sake fasalin manufofin kiwon lafiya don haɗa hanyoyin bincike na tushen firikwensin, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a da martani.
    • Fasahar firikwensin da ke ba da damar sa ido kan majiyyaci mai nisa, rage ziyarar asibiti da farashin kula da lafiya, wanda ke da fa'ida musamman ga ƙauye ko al'ummomin da ba a kula da su ba.

    Tambayoyin da za a duba

    • Idan kun mallaki abin sawa, ta yaya kuke amfani da shi don bin diddigin kididdigar lafiyar ku?
    • Ta yaya kuma na'urorin gano rashin lafiya zasu iya canza sashin kiwon lafiya?

    Nassoshi masu hankali

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