Organic taki: Shakar carbon akan ƙasa

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  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Satumba 13, 2022

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Takin zamani, wanda aka yi daga tushen halitta kamar tsirrai da dabbobi, suna ba da madadin takin sinadari mai dorewa, inganta lafiyar ƙasa da rage tasirin sauyin yanayi. Suna aiki ta hanyar haɓaka tsarin ƙasa, haɓaka ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani, da kuma sakin abubuwan gina jiki a hankali, amma samar da su zai iya zama tsada kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci. Bayan aikin noma, takin zamani yana tasiri wurare daban-daban, tun daga ci gaban fasaha a harkar noma zuwa sauyin manufofin gwamnati da fifikon mabukaci zuwa kayayyakin abinci mai dorewa.

Halin takin gargajiya

Takin gargajiya (OFs) suna amfani da sinadarai da aka sake yin fa'ida, suna haɓaka carbon ɗin ƙasa, kuma suna taimakawa rage canjin yanayi. Ana yin takin gargajiya ne da kayan shuka da dabbobi (misali, takin ƙasa, tsutsotsin ƙasa, da taki), yayin da ake yin takin da ke da alaƙa da sinadarai, kamar ammonium, phosphates, da chlorides. 

Takin gargajiya yana ƙara abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa don haɓaka tsarinta da ƙarfin riƙe ruwa, wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani da tsutsotsi na ƙasa. Wadannan takin suna fitar da sinadirai sannu a hankali a kan lokaci, suna hana yawan hadi da zubar da ruwa (lokacin da kasa ba za ta iya sha ruwa mai yawa ba).

Akwai fitattun nau'ikan OFs guda uku, gami da: 

• Takin zamani, wanda aka samo shi daga rayayyun halittu kamar dabbobi da tsirrai,
• Organo-mineral, ya haɗu da taki mara kyau guda ɗaya tare da aƙalla kwayoyin halitta guda biyu, kuma
• Masu inganta ƙasa na halitta, su ne takin mai magani waɗanda ke nufin inganta abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa. 

Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta Masana'antar Taki ta Tsarin Halitta ta bayyana cewa OFs suna tallafawa ginshiƙai uku na dabarun haɓaka Hukumar Turai, gami da:

1. Haɓaka mai wayo - yana haɓaka tushen bincike da sabbin hanyoyin samar da sabbin abubuwa a cikin sarkar darajar aikin gona. 
2. Ci gaba mai dorewa - yana ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin ƙarancin carbon. 
3. Ci gaban da ya haɗa da - yana tabbatar da cewa ana samun wannan mafita ga yankunan karkara da birane.

Tasiri mai rudani

Hanya ɗaya da OFs zai iya rage sauyin yanayi shine ta hanyar ɗaukar hannun jari na carbon (ko ma'aunin carbon). Carbon a cikin ƙasa yana daidaitawa ta hanyar tsarin jiki da na halitta (kamar ma'adinai), yana haifar da ɗaukar carbon na dogon lokaci (fiye da shekaru goma). Wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa yawancin OFs na iya ƙara yawan iskar gas, musamman nitrous oxide (N2O).

Wannan nau'in iskar gas mai zafi ya fi carbon dioxide haɗari kuma ana iya sake shi ta hanyar tsarin sinadarai na ƙasa (misali, shafa taki akan filayen). Duk da haka, wasu bincike sun bayyana cewa, gabaɗaya, akwai ƙananan hayakin iskar gas a ƙasa tare da OF fiye da takin mai magani. Fitar N2O ya dogara sosai akan yanayin ƙasa kuma yana iya zama ƙalubale don ganowa.

Baya ga yuwuwar hayakin N2O, rashin lahani na OFs shine cewa zasu iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don samar da sakamako fiye da takin mai magani saboda hanyoyin sinadarai waɗanda ke buƙatar yaduwa akan lokaci. Hakanan zai iya zama mafi ƙalubale don sanin yawan taki da ake buƙata, saboda amfanin gona daban-daban na buƙatar matakan sinadirai daban-daban. Don haka, ana iya yin wasu gwaje-gwaje don haɗa-da-daidaita ƙungiyoyin shuka tare da takin da ya dace. Bugu da ƙari, OFs na iya zama tsada fiye da na sinadarai saboda yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don samar da takin gargajiya.  

Abubuwan takin gargajiya

Faɗin tasirin OFs na iya haɗawa da: 

• Haɗa fasahar drone da hadi na halitta a cikin aikin gona yana haɓaka yawan amfanin gona, yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka samar da abinci da yuwuwar rage matsalolin yunwa.
• Gwamnatoci suna ba da abubuwan ƙarfafawa don karɓar takin gargajiya a cikin ayyukan noma yana haifar da ingantacciyar lafiyar jama'a da tsabtace muhalli.
• Manoman da ke fuskantar ƙarin matsin lamba don rage dogaro da takin sinadari na iya haifar da sauye-sauye a dabarun aikin noma da yin tasiri ga albarkatun kuɗin masana'antun takin zamani.
• Kamfanonin takin sinadari suna faɗaɗa zuwa samar da takin gargajiya, yayin da suke riƙe zaɓin samfuran sinadarai, suna rarraba abubuwan da suke bayarwa da kuma daidaitawa ga canjin buƙatun kasuwa.
• Samuwar sabbin kayayyakin abinci na halitta da ke nuna yadda ake amfani da takin zamani a cikin marufinsu na kara wayar da kan mabukaci da fifikon amfanin gona mai dorewa.
• Ingantattun hanyoyin noman kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da sabbin damar yin aiki a bangarorin fasaha guda biyu, kamar aikin jirage marasa matuka, da noman gargajiya.
• Juya zuwa ga hadi na halitta yana canza yanayin amfani da ƙasa, mai yiyuwa rage sawun muhalli na aikin gona.
• Haɓaka farashin sauye-sauye zuwa hanyoyin noman ƙwayoyin cuta tun farko yana ɗora wa ƙananan manoma nauyi, wanda ya shafi yanayin tattalin arzikin sashen noma.
• Girman girmamawa kan noman kwayoyin halitta yana tasiri  manhajojin ilimi da tallafin bincike, yana mai da hankali kan ayyukan noma masu dorewa.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Menene sauran ƙalubalen ƙalubalen canzawa zuwa takin zamani?
• Idan masu aikin gona suka canza zuwa takin zamani da kayan aiki, ta yaya manoma za su hana kwari cinye amfanin gonakinsu?