ʻO Superbugs: He pōʻino olakino e pili ana i ka honua?
ʻO Superbugs: He pōʻino olakino e pili ana i ka honua?
ʻO Superbugs: He pōʻino olakino e pili ana i ka honua?
- Author:
- February 14, 2022
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli o nā microorganism e hoʻomohala nei i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā lāʻau antimicrobial, ʻoi aku ka antibiotics, ke ulu nei ka hopohopo olakino. ʻO ke kū'ēʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic, e alakaʻi ana i ka piʻi ʻana o nā superbugs, ua hoʻokumu i kahi pilikia palekana olakino honua, me ka ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana o ka United Nations e hiki i ka antimicrobial resistance ke kumu i 10 miliona mau make ma 2050.
pōʻaiapili Superbug
I nā kenekulia ʻelua i hala iho nei, ua kōkua ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi he nui i hoʻoweliweli mua ʻia i nā kānaka o ka honua. I loko o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke ola olakino a lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, nui nā pathogens i ulu a kūʻē i kēia mau lāʻau.
ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka antimicrobial ka hopena i kahi pōʻino olakino e hiki mai ana a hiki mai i ka wā e hoʻololi ai nā microbes, e like me ka bacteria, fungi, viruses, a me nā parasites e pale aku i nā hopena o nā lāʻau antimicrobial. Ke hana ʻia kēia, ʻaʻole pono nā lāʻau antimicrobial a pono pinepine ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papa lāʻau ikaika.
ʻO nā hua bacteria kūʻē i ka lāʻau, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo "superbugs," ua puka mai ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka hoʻohana hewa ʻana i ka lāʻau antibiotic i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka mahiʻai, ka haumia ʻoihana, ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻole, a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hoʻoulu ʻia ke kū'ē ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka genetic a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pathogens, kekahi o ia mau mea e kū wale ʻia, a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻike genetic ma waena o nā strains.
Hiki i nā Superbugs ke keʻakeʻa pinepine i nā hana e mālama pono i nā maʻi maʻamau a ua hoʻoulu i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi i nā makahiki i hala. Wahi a ka US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ua hoʻopili kēia mau maʻi ma luna o 2.8 miliona mau kānaka a make ma mua o 35,000 mau kānaka ma United States i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua ʻike nui ʻia kēia mau maʻi e kaʻahele ana i nā kaiāulu, e hōʻeha ana i ka pilikia olakino. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hakakā ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka antimicrobial no ka mea hiki i ka pilikia ke hele i waho o ka mana, me ka AMR Action Fund e hōʻike ana e piʻi aʻe ka make mai nā maʻi kūʻē antibiotic ma kahi o 10 miliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki e 2050.
Ka hopena hoʻopilikia
ʻOiai ke kū mai nei ka hoʻoweliweli honua o nā superbugs, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā antibiotics, ʻaʻole wale no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi kanaka akā i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai. ʻO ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka ʻikepili, akā naʻe, hōʻike ʻia nā papahana e pili ana i ka haukapila i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau antibiotic, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Antibiotic Stewardship Programs," hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi a hōʻemi i nā hanana ʻino e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau antibiotic. Kōkua kēia mau papahana i nā kauka e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama maʻi a me ka palekana o ka maʻi ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi, e hōʻemi i nā hemahema o ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke alapine o ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi kūpono no ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka prophylaxis.
Ua kākoʻo pū ka World Health Organization i kahi hoʻolālā ikaika a hui pū ʻia i ka pale ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke koho wale nō i loaʻa i kēia manawa e pale aku i ka puka ʻana mai o nā superbugs ma o ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka maʻi. Pono kēia mau hana e ho'ōki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hoʻohana hewa ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic e nā limahana lapaʻau, a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea maʻi i nā lāʻau ʻokoʻa i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka lawe ʻana iā lākou e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, hoʻopau i ka papa i ʻōlelo ʻia, a ʻaʻole e kaʻana like.
Ma ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, ʻo ka kaupalena ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona maʻi wale nō, a ʻaʻole hoʻohana iā lākou i mea ulu no nā holoholona he mea koʻikoʻi i ke kaua kūʻē i ka antimicrobial resistance.
I kēia manawa, koi ʻia ka ʻoihana hou a me ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka noiʻi hana, a me ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau antibacterial hou, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā mea hana diagnostic, ʻoi aku ka poʻe e ʻimi nei i nā bacteria gram-negative koʻikoʻi e like me ka carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae a me Acinetobacter baumannii.
ʻO ka Antimicrobial Resistance Action Fund, ka Antimicrobial Resistance Multi-Partner Trust Fund, a me ka Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā āpau kālā i ke kālā o nā hana noiʻi. Ke hoʻāʻo nei kekahi mau aupuni, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Sweden, Kelemānia, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me United Kingdom, i nā kumu hoʻohālike e hoʻomohala i nā hopena lōʻihi i ka hakakā ʻana me nā superbugs.
Nā hopena o nā superbugs
ʻO nā hopena nui aʻe o ka pale ʻana i ka antibiotic hiki ke komo i:
- ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana i ka haukapila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai lapaʻau, a me ka nui o ka make.
- Ke piʻi nui nei ka pilikia o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kino no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ke kino immuno-compromised ke pale aku i nā maʻi weliweli i ke ola me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau antibiotic.
- ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kaʻina hana e like me ka chemotherapy, ka ʻāpana caesarean, a me nā appendectomies e lilo i mea weliweli loa me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā lāʻau antibiotic maikaʻi no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi. (Inā komo ka bacteria i loko o ke kahe koko, hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka septicemia weliweli i ke ola.)
- Ke ulu aʻe nei ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi a hiki ke hoʻi hou e like me ka mea pepehi kanaka ma mua, ma waena o ka poʻe ʻelemakule.
- ʻO ke kūpaʻa antibiotic i nā pathogens holoholona i hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino holoholona a me ka pono. (Hiki nō hoʻi i nā maʻi maʻi bacteria ke hoʻopōʻino i ka hoʻokele waiwai i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai.)
Nā nīnau e noʻonoʻo ai
- Manaʻo paha ʻoe ʻo ke kaua kūʻē i nā superbugs he mea ia o ka ʻepekema a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ke ʻano o ke kaiāulu a me ke ʻano?
- ʻO wai kou manaʻo e pono ke alakaʻi i ka loli ʻana: ka mea maʻi, ke kauka, ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau honua, a i ʻole nā mea hana kulekele?
- Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hoʻoweliweli o ke kū'ē antimicrobial, ke manaʻo nei ʻoe e ʻae ʻia nā hana e like me ka antimicrobial prophylaxis no ka poʻe olakino "ma ka pilikia" e hoʻomau?
Nā kuhikuhi ʻike
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā loulou kaulana a me nā hui no kēia ʻike: