Kaʻaahi Hydrogen: He piʻi i luna mai nā kaʻaahi diesel

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• Ka inoa o ka mea kākau

  Quantumrun Foresight
• Ianuari 7, 2022

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Ke ʻike nei ka poʻe hoʻolālā kaʻa i nā ʻupena kaʻa kaʻa e hiki mai ana, ke neʻe nei lākou i nā kaʻa kaʻa uila i kapa ʻia ʻo hydrail, e hoʻohui pū ana i nā pūnaeau wahie hydrogen, nā ʻeke, a me nā kaʻa kaʻa uila. ʻO nā pila uila ka koho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa no nā kaʻaahi kūloko, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka hydrogen i nā wahie ʻē aʻe ma kahi lōʻihi. Me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā engine diesel, hāʻawi nā kaʻa hydrogen i nā hopena ākea, me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai mālama, hoʻonui i nā manawa hana, hoʻonui i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka nohona, a me nā holomua i nā ʻenehana hydrogen, ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hoʻokele waiwai hydrogen.

pōʻaiapili kaʻaahi hydrogen

I ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā mea hoʻolālā kaʻa i nā ʻupena kaʻa kaʻa e hiki mai ana, ke nānā nei ka hapa nui ma mua o nā kaʻaahi diesel i kēia manawa i nā kaʻaahi i hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻeke wahie. Hoʻohui ʻo Hydrail i nā pūnaewele wahie hydrogen, nā pākaukau, a me nā kaʻa uila traction i kahi hoʻonohonoho hybrid. ʻO ka mua, hoʻohana ʻia ka hydrogen ma ke ʻano he wahie. A laila, hoʻololi ʻia ka hydrogen i ikehu e nā wahie, a laila e hānai ʻia i loko o nā pila, e hāʻawi ana i ka mana paʻa no ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa.

Wahi a ka hui noiʻi ikehu ʻo BloombergNEF, ʻo ka koho haʻahaʻa loa no ka mea nona ke kaʻaahi kaʻa kaʻa ʻāpana ʻāina ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pihi uila, ukali ʻia e ka diesel, hydrogen, a me nā laina uila hope loa. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o kēia mau kaʻaahi pākahi uila akā pono ka lawelawe liʻiliʻi a me ka mālama ʻana ma mua o nā kaʻa diesel. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hoʻoholo e hoʻololi i ka diesel me nā pākahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea wahie e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka mamao o nā ala, ka maʻamau o ka lawelawe, a me ka helu o nā pani. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hydrogen ma mua o nā wahie ʻē aʻe ma nā mamao lōʻihi a ma nā wahi i makemake ʻia ai ka mana nui. 

Ua hōʻike ʻo Morgan Stanley i nā kaʻaahi hydrogen he mea hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi ma ʻEulopa. Manaʻo lākou e pili ana ka ʻoihana ma kahi o $ 48 biliona ma ka hopena o ka makahiki. I ka makahiki 2030, hiki i nā kaʻaahi hydrogen-powered ke helu i hoʻokahi o kēlā me kēia ʻumi kaʻaahi ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa. 

Ka hopena hoʻopilikia

Manaʻo ka mea hana kaʻaahi Alstom e ʻoi aku ma mua o 5,000 mau laina kaʻaahi diesel-powered ma ʻEulopa e pono e hoʻomaha ʻia e 2035. Ua ʻōlelo pū ka hui e holo ana ka hapahā o nā kaʻaahi āpau o ka ʻāina i ka wahie, e hoʻopau ʻia e ka waena o ke kenekulia e hoʻokō i nā pahuhopu aniau. Ke nānā nei ka hui i kēia manawa i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokūkū e hoʻokūkū nei e pani i ka diesel.

Pēlā nō, ua ʻōlelo ka Canadian Pacific Railway e hoʻāʻo i kahi manaʻo kaʻaahi hydrogen-powered hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana; ʻO ka locomotive line-haul ka mea mua ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia me nā wahie hydrogen a me nā ʻenehana pākahi hou. Ke ulu nui nei nā haʻawina aupuni a me nā mea hoʻopukapuka pilikino no nā hui e noiʻi ana i nā ʻenehana a me nā ʻenehana hydrogen no nā kaʻa ma nā ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. ʻO ka hopena noiʻi mai kēia mau hoʻopukapuka e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻoihana kaʻaahi, ʻo ia hoʻi e lilo nā kaʻa hydrogen i mea hoʻokele waiwai i ka diesel ma nā ala ʻaʻole electrified e nā 2030s.

ʻO ka pahuhopu lōʻihi ka hoʻololi piha ʻana i nā mīkini kaʻaahi diesel ma ka ʻāpana kaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai he ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻopuka nā kaʻa hydrogen i ka mahu wai wale nō i ka wā e hana ana, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻo nā kaʻaahi hydrogen-powered he carbon neutral loa. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nā kaʻaahi hydrogen-powered prototype i ka "hydrogen grey," i hana ʻia mai ke kinoea kūlohelohe a hoʻokuʻu i CO2 i ka wā hana. ʻO ia hoʻi, no nā kaʻaahi hydrogen a i ʻole wahie-cell-powered e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou ʻike hoʻomau kaiapuni, pono kēia mau kaʻa e hoʻohana i ka "hydrogen green" i loaʻa mai nā kumu ikehu hou. 

Nā hopena o nā kaʻaahi hydrogen

ʻO nā hopena nui aʻe o nā kaʻa hydrogen hiki ke komo:

• ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka lawe kaʻaahi ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka mālama ʻana a me nā pono lawelawe e like me nā kaʻaahi diesel.
• ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻaahi lehulehu no ka huakaʻi lōʻihi ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wāwae kalapona e pili ana i ka lele a me nā koho kaʻa pilikino. 
• Hoʻonui ʻia nā manawa hana no nā mea hoʻolālā kaʻaahi, nā ʻenekinia, a me nā ʻenehana track, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻoihana kaʻaahi ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau e pono e hana hou ʻia e nā 2030s.
• Hoʻonui i ka hiki a me ka maʻalahi e alakaʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā koho neʻe no nā kaiāulu kuaʻāina, e hōʻemi ana i ka noho kaʻawale a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka nohona.
• Nā manawa hana hou i ka hana ʻana, mālama, a me ka hana.
• Nā kulekele a me nā hoʻoponopono e hōʻoia i ka hana palekana, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wahie hydrogen, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o nā lehulehu a me nā ʻāpana pilikino no ka hoʻokō pono.
• ʻO nā holomua i ka hana hydrogen, mālama, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻenehana, hoʻoulu i ka hana hou a hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o kahi hoʻokele waiwai hydrogen.

Nā nīnau e noʻonoʻo ai

• Manaʻo ʻoe e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoihoi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaʻaahi hydrogen i nā ʻano kaʻa ʻē aʻe?
• Manaʻo ʻoe hiki ke hana ʻia nā kaʻaahi hydrogen i ke kalapona ʻole?