Nā molekele ma ke koi: He papa inoa o nā molekole hiki ke loaʻa

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• Ka inoa o ka mea kākau

  Quantumrun Foresight
• December 22, 2022

ʻO ka synthetic biology kahi ʻepekema ola e kū nei e pili ana i nā loina ʻenekinia i ka biology e hana i nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻōnaehana hou. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka biology synthetic ke hoʻololi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā molekala noiʻi.

ʻO ka pōʻaiapili molekole ma ke koi

Hiki i ka ʻenekinia metabolic i nā ʻepekema ke hoʻohana i nā cell engineered e hana i nā molekala hou a hoʻomau, e like me nā biofuels hou a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau pale maʻi. Me ka nui o nā mea hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻenehana metabolic, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o ka "Top Ten Emerging Technologies" e ka World Economic Forum ma 2016. Eia kekahi, manaʻo ʻia ka biology industrialized e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā bioproducts a me nā mea hana hou, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mea kanu, a hiki i nā mea hou. nā noi lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka biology Synthetic a i hana ʻia e ka lab ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loina ʻenekinia e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻenekinia genetic a me ka metabolic. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka biology synthetic i nā hana non-metabolic, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka genetic e hoʻopau ai i nā makika e lawe ana i ka maʻi malaria a i ʻole nā ​​microbiome i hana ʻia e hiki ke pani i nā mea kanu kemika. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei kēia aʻo ʻana, kākoʻo ʻia e nā holomua i ka phenotyping high-throughput (ke kaʻina o ka loiloi ʻana i ka genetic makeup a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻano), ka hoʻolalelale ʻana i ka DNA sequencing a me nā mana synthesis, a me ka hoʻoponopono genetic i hiki iā CRISPR.

Ke holomua nei kēia mau ʻenehana, pēlā nō ka hiki i ka poʻe noiʻi ke hana i nā molekele a me nā microbes no nā ʻano noiʻi āpau. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ke aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini (ML) kahi mea hana pono e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa wikiwiki i ka hana ʻana i nā molekala synthetic ma ka wānana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana olaola. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona i ka ʻikepili hoʻokolohua, hiki iā ML ke hāʻawi i nā wānana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana.

Ka hopena hoʻopilikia

Hōʻike nā molekala ma ka noi i ka mea hiki ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka pahuhopu lāʻau lapaʻau he molekala i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka protein e hana i kahi kuleana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hōʻailona maʻi. Hana nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia mau mole e hoʻololi a hoʻopau paha i nā hana e alakaʻi ai i nā hōʻailona maʻi. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻepekema i ke ʻano hoʻohuli, kahi e aʻo ai i kahi ʻike i ʻike ʻia e hoʻoholo ai i nā molekala e pili ana i kēlā hana. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻenehana i ka deconvolution target. Pono ia i nā haʻawina kemika paʻakikī a me ka microbiological e ʻike i ka mole e hana i ka hana i makemake ʻia.

Hiki i nā mea ʻepekema ke hoʻolālā i nā mea hana hou e noiʻi ai i nā mīkini maʻi ma kahi pae mole. ʻO kahi ala e hana ai i kēia ma o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā kaapuni synthetic, ʻo ia nā ʻōnaehana ola e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike i nā hana e hana nei ma ka pae kelepona. ʻO kēia mau hana biology synthetic i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, i kapa ʻia ʻo genome mining, ua hoʻololi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kahi hui e hāʻawi ana i nā molekele noiʻi ʻo GreenPharma i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Farani. Wahi a ka pūnaewele ʻoihana, hana ʻo Greenpharma i nā kemika no ka lāʻau lapaʻau, cosmetic, mahiʻai, a me nā ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi ma ke kumu kūʻai. Hoʻopuka lākou i nā molekole synthesis maʻamau ma ka pae gram a milligrams. Hāʻawi ka ʻoihana i kēlā me kēia mea kūʻai aku me kahi luna papahana i koho ʻia (Ph.D.) a me nā manawa hōʻike maʻamau. ʻO kekahi ʻoihana ʻepekema ola e hāʻawi nei i kēia lawelawe ʻo Canada-based OTAVAChemicals, nona ka hōʻiliʻili o 12 biliona mau molekole ma ke koi ʻana ma muli o kanakolu tausani mau poloka hale a me 44 i loko o ka hale. 

ʻO nā hopena o nā molekele noiʻi

ʻO nā hopena nui aʻe o nā molekala noiʻi hiki ke komo: 

• ʻO ka ʻoihana ʻepekema ola e hoʻopukapuka ana i ka naʻauao artificial a me ML e wehe i nā molekala hou a me nā ʻāpana kemika e hoʻohui i kā lākou waihona.
• ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana i maʻalahi i nā molekala e pono e ʻimi hou a hoʻomohala i nā huahana a me nā mea hana. 
• Ke kāhea nei kekahi poʻe ʻepekema i nā lula a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻamau e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana o nā ʻoihana i kekahi mau mole no ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
• Ke hoʻolilo nui nei nā ʻoihana Biopharma i kā lākou mau keʻena noiʻi e hiki ai i ka noiʻi a me ka microbe engineering ma ke ʻano he lawelawe no nā ʻoihana biotech ʻē aʻe a me nā hui noiʻi.
• ʻO ka biology Synthetic e ʻae ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā robots ola a me nā nanoparticles hiki ke hana i nā ʻokiʻoki a hoʻopuka i nā lāʻau lapaʻau genetic.

Nā nīnau e manaʻo ai

• He aha kekahi mau hihia hoʻohana ʻē aʻe o nā molekele noiʻi?
• Pehea e hiki ai i kēia lawelawe ke hoʻololi i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana?