Kev sib txuas ntawm noob ceev: Synthetic DNA tej zaum yuav yog tus yuam sij rau kev noj qab haus huv zoo dua

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• Lub ib hlis ntuj 16, 2023

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nkag siab

Cov tshuaj synthesis ntawm DNA thiab nws sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov noob caj noob ces, circuits, thiab tag nrho cov genomes tau revolutionized molecular biology. Cov tswv yim no tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim, tsim, sim, kawm los ntawm kev ua yuam kev, thiab rov ua lub voj voog kom txog thaum qhov kev xav tau tiav. Qhov no txoj kev yog nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm hluavtaws biology innovation. 

Cov noob synthesis ceev dua

Synthesis hloov cov noob caj noob ces rau hauv molecular DNA kom cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv caj ces ntau. Cov ntaub ntawv DNA muaj tau nthuav dav ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv (NGS) technologies. Qhov kev txhim kho no tau ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov ntaub ntawv lom neeg uas muaj DNA ib ntus los ntawm txhua lub cev thiab ib puag ncig. Cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim no tuaj yeem rho tawm, txheeb xyuas, thiab hloov kho cov kab ke no yooj yim dua vim qhov ua tau zoo dua hauv bioinformatics software.

Cov ntaub ntawv lom neeg ntau dua cov kws tshawb fawb muaj los ntawm "ntoo ntawm lub neej" (lub network ntawm genomes), lawv nkag siab zoo dua li cas cov tsiaj muaj feem cuam tshuam txog caj ces. Tom ntej no tsab xov xwm sequencing tau pab peb kom nkag siab zoo dua cov kab mob, microbiome, thiab cov noob caj noob ces muaj ntau haiv neeg. Qhov kev nce qib no tseem ua rau cov kev qhuab qhia tshiab, xws li kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kom loj hlob. Kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob tam sim no nkaus xwb tab sis kuj tseem yog txoj hauv kev rau kev kho mob tshiab uas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. 

Tsis tas li ntawd, hluavtaws biology muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau ntau qhov chaw, xws li tsim cov tshuaj tshiab, cov khoom siv, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Tshwj xeeb, kev sib txuas ntawm cov noob yog ib qho kev cog lus thev naus laus zis uas pab tsim thiab hloov cov noob caj noob ces sai heev, ua rau nrhiav pom cov haujlwm tshiab lom neeg. Piv txwv li, biologists feem ntau hloov cov noob nyob rau hauv cov kab mob mus kuaj genetic hypotheses los yog muab cov qauv kab mob tshwj xeeb los yog muaj peev xwm.

Kev cuam tshuam

Chemically synthesized luv DNA sequences yog qhov tseem ceeb vim lawv muaj ntau yam. Lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov chaw tshawb fawb, tsev kho mob, thiab kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, lawv tau siv los txheeb xyuas tus kab mob COVID-19. Phosphoramides yog qhov tsim nyog tsim cov blocks hauv kev tsim cov DNA sib lawv liag, tab sis lawv tsis ruaj khov thiab tawg sai.

Xyoo 2021, tus kws tshawb fawb Alexander Sandahl tau tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab patented kom sai thiab ua tau zoo tsim cov tsev blocks rau DNA ntau lawm, ua kom cov txheej txheem nrawm ua ntej cov khoom tawg. Cov DNA sequences hu ua oligonucleotides, dav siv los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob, kev tsim tshuaj, thiab lwm yam kev siv kho mob thiab biotechnological. 

Ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab biotech uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv DNA yog US-based Twist Bioscience. Lub tuam txhab txuas oligonucleotides ua ke los tsim cov noob. Tus nqi rau oligos poob qis, ib yam li lub sijhawm nws yuav siv los ua lawv. Raws li xyoo 2022, tus nqi los tsim DNA puag khub tsuas yog cuaj xees xwb. 

Twist's synthetic DNA tuaj yeem xaj online thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj hauv hnub, tom qab ntawd nws tau siv los tsim cov hom phiaj molecules, uas yog lub tsev thaiv cov khoom noj tshiab, chiv, cov khoom lag luam, thiab tshuaj. Ginkgo Bioworks, lub tuam txhab kev lag luam ntawm tes muaj nuj nqis ntawm $ 25 billion, yog ib qho ntawm Twist cov neeg siv khoom loj. Lub caij no, xyoo 2022, Twist tau tshaj tawm ob qhov kev tswj hwm DNA hluavtaws rau tib neeg tus kab mob pox los pab cov kws tshawb fawb tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob. 

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov noob synthesis sai

Kev cuam tshuam dav dav ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov noob nrawm tuaj yeem suav nrog: 

• Kev txheeb xyuas nrawm nrawm ntawm cov kab mob ua rau muaj kev sib kis thiab kis kab mob, ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws sijhawm.
• Ntau biotechs thiab startups tsom rau cov noob synthesis thev naus laus zis hauv kev koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab biopharma.
• Tsoom fwv sib tw los nqis peev hauv lawv cov chaw kuaj DNA hluavtaws los tsim cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom lag luam.
• Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv DNA tau qis dua, ua rau kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav caj ces. Cov qauv no tseem tuaj yeem ua rau ntau tus biohackers uas xav sim lawv tus kheej.
• Kev tshawb nrhiav caj ces nce ntxiv uas ua rau muaj kev txhim kho sai dua hauv cov noob kho thiab kho cov thev naus laus zis, xws li CRISPR / Cas9.

Cov lus nug los xav txog

• Dab tsi yog lwm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv DNA ntau?
• Yuav ua li cas tsoom fwv yuav tswj cov sector no kom nws tseem coj ncaj ncees?