Artificial me me hlwb: Tsim kom muaj lub neej txaus rau kev tshawb fawb kho mob

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Artificial me me hlwb: Tsim kom muaj lub neej txaus rau kev tshawb fawb kho mob

Artificial me me hlwb: Tsim kom muaj lub neej txaus rau kev tshawb fawb kho mob

Subheading ntawv nyeem
Cov kws tshawb fawb sib koom ua ke kev ua qauv hauv computer, kho cov noob caj noob ces, thiab hluavtaws biology los tsim cov qauv zoo meej rau kev kawm kho mob.
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      Quantumrun Foresight
    • Hlis ntuj nqeg 23, 2022

    Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nkag siab

    Tshawb nrhiav qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txo cov genomes los tsim cov hlwb tsawg, nthuav tawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb uas tsim nyog rau lub neej. Cov kev siv zog no tau coj mus rau qhov kev tshawb pom thiab cov teeb meem uas tsis tau xav txog, xws li cov duab ntawm tes tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev hloov kho ntxiv thiab kev nkag siab txog cov caj ces tseem ceeb. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no ua rau txoj hauv kev rau kev nce qib hauv hluavtaws biology, nrog rau cov kev siv hauv kev tsim tshuaj, kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob, thiab tshuaj kho tus kheej.

    Artificial tsawg cov hlwb cov ntsiab lus

    Artificial tsawg hlwb los yog genome minimization yog ib qho kev siv hluavtaws biology mus kom ze rau kev nkag siab txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov noob tseem ceeb ua rau cov txheej txheem physiological tseem ceeb. Genome minimization siv tus qauv tsim-tsim-kuaj-kawm txoj hauv kev uas tso siab rau kev soj ntsuam thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qauv genomic ntu thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm transposon mutagenesis (tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov noob ntawm ib tus tswv tsev mus rau lwm tus) los pab coj cov noob tshem tawm. Txoj kev no txo ​​qis kev tsis ncaj ncees thaum nrhiav cov noob tseem ceeb thiab muab cov kws tshawb fawb txog cov cuab yeej hloov pauv, tsim kho, thiab kawm txog genome thiab nws ua dab tsi.

    Xyoo 2010, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm US-based J. Craig Venter Institute (JVCI) tau tshaj tawm tias lawv tau ua tiav cov DNA ntawm cov kab mob Mycoplasma capricolum thiab hloov nws nrog lub computer tsim DNA raws li lwm cov kab mob, Mycoplasma mycoides. Pab pawg hu lawv cov kab mob tshiab JCVI-syn1.0, lossis 'Synthetic,' luv luv. Cov kab mob no yog thawj hom kab mob ntawm tus kheej hauv ntiaj teb uas muaj cov niam txiv hauv computer. Nws tau tsim los pab cov kws tshawb fawb kom nkag siab tias lub neej ua haujlwm li cas, pib ntawm cov hlwb. 

    Hauv xyoo 2016, pab pawg tsim JCVI-syn3.0, ib leeg-hlwb kab mob uas muaj cov noob tsawg dua li lwm yam kev paub ntawm lub neej yooj yim (tsuas yog 473 noob piv nrog JVCI-syn1.0's 901 genes). Txawm li cas los xij, lub cev ua haujlwm hauv txoj kev tsis tuaj yeem pom. Es tsis txhob tsim cov hlwb noj qab haus huv, nws tsim oddly zoo li tus thaum lub sij hawm tus kheej-replication. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias lawv tau tshem tawm ntau cov noob los ntawm thawj lub xov tooj ntawm tes, suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm rau kev faib tawm ntawm tes. 

    Kev cuam tshuam

    Kev txiav txim siab kom pom cov kab mob noj qab haus huv nrog cov noob qes tsawg tshaj plaws, biophysicists los ntawm Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) thiab National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tau hloov kho JCVI-syn3.0 code hauv 2021. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho tshiab variant hu ua JCVI-syn3A. Txawm hais tias lub xovtooj tshiab no tsuas muaj 500 cov noob, nws coj zoo li lub xovtooj ntawm tes ua tsaug rau cov kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm. 

    Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws, cov noob, cov noob, cov noob, cov noob tau cog, cov noob tau cog), cov noob tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv nyias nyias. Xyoo 2021, cov kab mob hluavtaws tshiab hu ua M. mycoides JCVI-syn3B hloov zuj zus mus rau 300 hnub, qhia tau tias nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws li qhov xwm txheej sib txawv. Bioengineers tseem muaj kev cia siab tias cov kab mob sib kis tau yooj yim tuaj yeem pab cov kws tshawb fawb kawm txog lub neej ntawm nws cov theem pib thiab nkag siab tias cov kab mob nce mus li cas.

    Xyoo 2022, ib pab pawg kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Illinois ntawm Urbana-Champaign, JVCI, thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees-based Technische Universität Dresden tsim lub computer qauv ntawm JCVI-syn3A. Cov qauv no tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov tseeb ntawm nws lub neej tiag tiag ntawm kev loj hlob thiab cov qauv molecular. Raws li xyoo 2022, nws yog tus qauv ua tiav tag nrho ntawm tes uas lub khoos phis tawj tau simulated.

    Cov kev simulation no tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub ntawv no suav nrog cov metabolism, kev loj hlob, thiab cov ntaub ntawv genetic txheej txheem ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes. Kev tsom xam muab kev nkag siab txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej thiab yuav ua li cas cov hlwb siv lub zog, suav nrog kev thauj mus los ntawm cov amino acids, nucleotides, thiab ions. Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm tes me me txuas ntxiv zuj zus, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob hluavtaws zoo dua uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim tshuaj, kawm cov kab mob, thiab tshawb nrhiav kev kho caj ces.

    Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlwb tsawg tsawg

    Kev cuam tshuam dav dav ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb tsawg tsawg tuaj yeem suav nrog: 

    • Ntau lub ntiaj teb kev sib koom tes los tsim kev tshem tawm tab sis ua haujlwm lub neej rau kev tshawb fawb.
    • Txhim kho kev kawm tshuab thiab kev siv computer ua qauv rau daim ntawv qhia kev lom neeg, xws li cov qe ntshav thiab cov protein.
    • Advanced synthetic biology thiab tshuab-organism hybrids, nrog rau lub cev-on-a-chip thiab nyob robots. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev sim no yuav tau txais kev tsis txaus siab txog kev ncaj ncees los ntawm qee cov kws tshawb fawb.
    • Qee lub tuam txhab biotech thiab biopharma tau nqis peev ntau rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau kev siv tshuaj sai sai thiab kev kho mob.
    • Kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev tshawb pom ntxiv hauv kev kho caj ces raws li cov kws tshawb fawb kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov noob thiab yuav ua li cas lawv tuaj yeem hloov kho.
    • Txhim kho cov kev cai ntawm kev tshawb fawb biotechnological kom ntseeg tau tias kev coj ncaj ncees, tiv thaiv kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ntseeg ntawm pej xeem.
    • Kev tshwm sim ntawm kev kawm tshiab thiab kev cob qhia cov kev kawm tsom mus rau hluavtaws biology thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua neej nyob, ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb tiam tom ntej nrog cov kev txawj tshwj xeeb.
    • Hloov hauv cov tswv yim kho mob rau tus kheej cov tshuaj, siv cov hlwb thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws rau kev kho mob thiab kuaj mob.

    Cov lus nug los xav txog

    • Yog tias koj ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws, lwm yam txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hlwb tsawg yog dab tsi?
    • Yuav ua li cas cov koom haum thiab cov koom haum ua hauj lwm ua ke los mus nce synthetic biology?

    Insight references

    Cov nram qab no nrov thiab cov koom haum txuas tau raug xa mus rau qhov kev pom no: