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Kedu ihe kpatara mba ji na-asọ mpi iji wuo supercomputer? Ọdịnihu nke Kọmputa P6

David Tal, Onye nkwusa, Futurist
@Nwanyi_ocha
LinkedIn

Tuz, 09/15/2020 - 15:33

Onye ọ bụla na-achịkwa ọdịnihu nke kọmputa, nwere ụwa. Ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ maara ya. Mba mara ya. Ya mere nnọkọ ndị ahụ na-achọ inweta akara ukwu n'ụwa anyị n'ọdịnihu ji nọrọ n'ọsọ ụjọ na-atụ iji wulite kọmpụta kacha ike.

Onye na-emeri? Ma kedu ka itinye ego mgbako niile a ga-esi akwụ ụgwọ? Tupu anyị enyocha ajụjụ ndị a, ka anyị chegharịa ọnọdụ nke supercomputer ọgbara ọhụrụ.

Echiche supercomputer

Dị ka ọ dị n'oge gara aga, nkezi supercomputer nke oge a bụ nnukwu igwe, nke nha ya na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nke na-ebu ụgbọ ala 40-50, ha nwere ike gbakọọ n'otu ụbọchị ihe ngwọta maka ọrụ ihe ga-ewe nkezi kọmputa nkeonwe ọtụtụ puku afọ. dozie. Naanị ihe dị iche bụ na dị ka kọmpụta nke anyị si tozuo oke n'ike kọmpụta, otu ahụ ka ndị supercomputers anyị nwekwara.

Maka ihe gbara ya gburugburu, ndị supercomputers nke oge a na-asọ mpi n'ogo petaflop: 1 Kilobyte = 1,000 bits 1 Megabit = 1,000 kilobytes 1 Gigabit = 1,000 Megabits 1 Terabit = 1,000 Gigabits 1 Petabit = 1,000 Terabits

Iji tụgharịa asụsụ jargon ị ga-agụ n'okpuru, mara na 'Bit' bụ nkeji nleta data. 'Bytes' bụ otu nha maka nchekwa ozi dijitalụ. N'ikpeazụ, 'Flop' na-anọchi anya arụmọrụ na-ese n'elu mmiri kwa nkeji ma tụọ ọsọ nke mgbakọ. Arụ ọrụ na-ese n'elu mmiri na-enye ohere ịgbakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ogologo nke ukwuu, ikike dị mkpa maka mpaghara sayensị dị iche iche na injinia, yana ọrụ a na-arụ nnukwu kọmputa maka ya. Nke a bụ ya mere, mgbe ị na-ekwu banyere supercomputers, ụlọ ọrụ na-eji okwu 'flop'.

Kedu onye na-achịkwa supercomputer kachasị n'ụwa?

A bịa n'ọgụ maka ịdị elu kọmputa, mba ndị na-eduga bụ ndị ị ga-atụ anya ya: ọkachasị United States, China, Japan na họrọ steeti EU.

Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụhaala na ịkụnye stịk n'ụwa 10 kasị elu nwere ùgwù, ihe dị mkpa n'ezie bụ òkè mba na-enwe n'ụwa nke nnukwu kọmputa, na ebe a otu mba ebulila n'ihu: China.

Ihe kpatara na mba na-asọ mpi maka supercomputer supremacy

Dabere na a Ogo 2017, China bụ ebe obibi nke 202 n'ime ụwa 500 supercomputers (40%), ebe America na-achịkwa 144 (29%). Mana ọnụọgụgụ pụtara ihe na-erughị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịgbakọ mba nwere ike irigbu, ebe a kwa China na-ejikwa ndu ndu; Ewezuga inwe abụọ n'ime kọmpụta atọ kachasị elu (2018), China na-enwetakwa pasenti 35 nke ikike ịgbakọ ụwa, ma e jiri ya tụnyere pasentị 30 nke US.

N'ebe a, ajụjụ ebumpụta ụwa ị ga-ajụ bụ, onye na-eche banyere ya? Kedu ihe kpatara mba ji agba ọsọ maka iwulite supercomputer ngwa ngwa?

Ọfọn, dị ka anyị ga-akọwa n'okpuru, supercomputers bụ ngwá ọrụ na-enyere aka. Ha na-ekwe ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị injinia obodo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu (ma mgbe ụfọdụ nnukwu na-amali n'ihu) na ngalaba ndị dị ka bayoloji, amụma ihu igwe, astrophysics, ngwa agha nuklia na ndị ọzọ.

N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, supercomputers na-ekwe ka ụlọ ọrụ nzuzo nke obodo wulite onyinye na-erite uru na mpaghara ọha ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma. N'ime ọtụtụ iri afọ, ọganihu ndị a na-enyere kọmputa aka nwere ike gbanwee ọnọdụ akụ na ụba, agha na geopolitical obodo.

N'ọkwa a na-adịghị ahụkebe karịa, mba nke na-achịkwa oke oke nke ike kọmputa nwere ọdịnihu.

Na-agbaji ihe mgbochi exaflop

N'iburu n'uche eziokwu ndị akọwapụtara n'elu, o kwesịghị iju gị anya na US na-eme atụmatụ nlọghachi.

Na 2017, President Obama weputara National Strategic Computing Initiative dị ka mmekorita n'etiti Ngalaba Energy, Department of Defence, na National Science Foundation. Atụmatụ a enyelarị ụlọ ọrụ isii ego ruru nde $258 n'ime mbọ nyocha na imepụta exaflop supercomputer nke mbụ n'ụwa a na-akpọ. Aurora. (N'ihi na ụfọdụ echiche, nke ahụ bụ 1,000 petaflops, roughly mgbako ike nke ụwa kasị elu 500 supercomputers jikọtara, na a puku ijeri ugboro ngwa ngwa karịa gị onwe gị laptọọpụ.) Nke a na kọmputa ka edobere maka ntọhapụ n'ihe dị ka 2021 ma na-akwado atụmatụ nyocha nke otu dị ka Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo, NASA, FBI, National Institutes of Health, na ndị ọzọ.

Dezie: N'April 2018, ndị Gọọmentị US kwupụtara $600 nde iji kwado kọmpụta exaflop ọhụrụ atọ:

* Sistemụ ORNL ewepụtara na 2021 wee nabata na 2022 (Sistemụ ORNL) * Sistemụ LLNL ewepụtara na 2022 wee nabata na 2023 (Sistemụ LLNL) * Sistemụ nwere ike ịnweta ANL na 2022 wee nabata na 2023 (usoro ANL)

Ọ dị nwute na US, China na-arụkwa ọrụ na exaflop supercomputer nke ya. N'ihi ya, agbụrụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu.

Olee otú supercomputers ga-esi mee ka ọganihu sayensị dị n'ọdịnihu

N'ịtụ aka na mbụ, ndị supercomputers ugbu a na ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè n'ọtụtụ ọzụzụ.

Otu n'ime nkwalite ndị ọha na eze ga-achọpụta ozugbo bụ na ngwa ndị a na-eme kwa ụbọchị ga-amalite ịrụ ọrụ nke ukwuu ngwa ngwa na nke ka mma. Nnukwu data ngwaọrụ ndị a na-ekekọrịta n'ime igwe ojii ga-ahazi nke ọma site na ụlọ ọrụ supercomputers, nke mere na ndị enyemaka mkpanaka gị, dị ka Amazon Alexa na Google Assistant, ga-amalite ịghọta ọnọdụ dị n'azụ okwu gị na zaa ajụjụ gị mgbagwoju anya na-enweghị isi nke ọma. Tọn nke wearable ọhụrụ ga-enyekwa anyị ike dị ịtụnanya, dị ka smart earplugs na-atụgharị asụsụ ozugbo ozugbo, ụdị Star Trek.

N'otu aka ahụ, ka ọ na-erule etiti afọ 2020, otu ugboro Ịntanetị nke Ihe tozuru oke na mba ndị mepere emepe, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa ọ bụla, ụgbọ ala, ụlọ, na ihe niile dị n'ụlọ anyị ga-ejikọ na webụ. Mgbe nke a mere, ụwa gị ga-adịkwu ike.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ngwa nju oyi gị ga-ezigara gị ndepụta ịzụ ahịa mgbe nri gwụrụ gị. Ị ga-abanye na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa, họrọ ndepụta nke ihe oriri, ma pụọ na-ejighi onye na-akwụ ụgwọ ego ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ ego na-emekọrịta ihe - a ga-akwụ ụgwọ ihe ndị ahụ na akaụntụ ụlọ akụ gị ozugbo ị ga-apụ n'ụlọ ahụ. Mgbe ị na-apụ n'ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, tagzi nke na-anya onwe ya ga-echere gị ka ogwe osisi meghere iji chekwaa akpa gị ma buru gị laa.

Mana ọrụ ndị supercomputers ndị a ga-arụ n'ọkwa nnukwu ga-aka nke ukwuu. Ọmụmaatụ ole na ole:

Ihe ngosi dijitalụ: Supercomputers, ọkachasị na oke, ga-ekwe ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị rụpụta ezigbo ihe ngosi nke sistemu ndu, dị ka amụma ihu igwe na ụdị mgbanwe ihu igwe na-adịte aka. N'otu aka ahụ, anyị ga-eji ha mepụta simulations okporo ụzọ ka mma nke nwere ike inye aka wulite ụgbọ ala na-anya onwe ya.

Ndi ihe omumu: Microchip ọgbara ọhụrụ adịla mgbagwoju anya nke ukwuu nke na otu ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike imepụta onwe ha nke ọma. N'ihi nke a, kọmpụta dị elu na ngwa kọmputa na supercomputer na-ebute ụzọ n'ịhazi kọmpụta echi.

Agriculture: Ndị supercomputers ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-enyere aka ịmepụta ihe ọkụkụ ọhụrụ bụ nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, okpomọkụ, na mmiri nnu na-eguzogide, yana ọrụ na-edozi ahụ-ọrụ dị mkpa dị mkpa iji zụọ ijeri mmadụ abụọ na-esote a tụrụ anya ịbanye n'ụwa n'afọ 2050. Gụkwuo n'ime anyị. Ọdịnihu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ usoro.

Nnukwu pharma: Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ ga-emesị nweta ikike ịhazi oke ụdị mmadụ, anụmanụ, na ihe ọkụkụ nke ga-enyere aka ịmepụta ọgwụ ọhụrụ na ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa dịgasị iche iche nke ụwa na-emekarị na nke na-adịghị ahụkebe. Nke a bara uru karịsịa n'oge nje virus ọhụrụ, dị ka 2015 Ebola egwu si East Africa. Ọsọ nhazi n'ọdịnihu ga-ekwe ka ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ nyochaa genome nje wee wuo ọgwụ mgbochi ahaziri iche n'ime ụbọchị kama izu ma ọ bụ ọnwa. Gụkwuo na anyị Ọdịnihu nke ahụike usoro.

Nchedo mba: Nke a bụ isi ihe mere gọọmentị ji etinye nnukwu ego n'ịkwalite supercomputer. Ndị supercomputers dị ike karị ga-enyere ndị isi n'ọhụụ aka ịmepụta atụmatụ agha ziri ezi maka ọnọdụ ọgụ ọ bụla; ọ ga-enyere aka chepụta usoro ngwa agha dị irè karị, ọ ga-enyere ndị mmanye iwu na ụlọ ọrụ nledo aka ịmata ihe egwu nwere ike ịdị ogologo oge tupu ha enwee ike imerụ ndị nkịtị ụlọ.

Ru ọgụgụ isi

Ma mgbe ahụ, anyị na-abịakwute isiokwu arụmụka nke ọgụgụ isi (AI). Ọganihu anyị ga-ahụ n'ezie AI n'ime 2020s na 2030s dabere kpamkpam n'ike nke ndị supercomputers n'ọdịnihu. Ma gịnị ma ọ bụrụ na kọmpụta ọhụrụ nke anyị kwuru okwu ya n'isiakwụkwọ a dum nwere ike mee ka ọ gharazie ịdị irè site na kọmpụta ọhụrụ kpamkpam?

Nnọọ na kọmpụta quantum — isiakwụkwọ ikpeazụ nke usoro isiokwu a bụ naanị otu ịpị.