Kukula kwa propaganda zaboma: Kuwonjezeka kwa kusokoneza bongo komwe kumathandizidwa ndi boma

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Kukula kwa propaganda zaboma: Kuwonjezeka kwa kusokoneza bongo komwe kumathandizidwa ndi boma

Kukula kwa propaganda zaboma: Kuwonjezeka kwa kusokoneza bongo komwe kumathandizidwa ndi boma

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Maboma apadziko lonse lapansi akugwiritsa ntchito chinyengo pazama TV kuti apititse patsogolo malingaliro awo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma social media bots ndi troll farms.
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • December 12, 2022

    Chidule cha chidziwitso

    Kukula kwapadziko lonse kwazabodza zochirikizidwa ndi boma kwasintha kwambiri mawonekedwe a digito, pomwe malo ochezera a pa Intaneti akukhala bwalo lankhondo lazambiri zabodza. Maboma akugwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba kwambiri monga anthu opangidwa ndi AI ndi makanema ozama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa nsanja ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kusiyanitsa chowonadi ndi chopeka. Kuchulukirachulukiraku sikungokhudza malingaliro a anthu komanso zisankho komanso kusokoneza ubale wapadziko lonse lapansi ndikukakamiza kuti malamulo azitha kuyendetsa bwino zomwe zili mu digito.

    Kukula kwa propaganda za boma

    Malingana ndi University of Oxford's Internet Institute, zofalitsa zabodza zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi boma zinachitika m'mayiko 28 mu 2017 ndipo zinawonjezeka kufika ku mayiko 81 mu 2020. Zofalitsa zakhala chida chofunikira kwa maboma ambiri ndi magulu a ndale. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuipitsa mbiri ya otsutsa, kupanga malingaliro a anthu, kuletsa kutsutsa, ndi kusokoneza nkhani zakunja. Mu 2015, mayiko owerengeka adagwiritsa ntchito ma social media bots ndi matekinoloje ena kuti azichita kampeni zokopa anthu. Komabe, kuyambira 2016, mabodza azama media akuchulukirachulukira, makamaka ndi Russia ikusokoneza referendum ya UK Brexit ndi zisankho zaku US. Pofika chaka cha 2022, pafupifupi chisankho chilichonse chimatsagana ndi kampeni yofalitsa zabodza kumlingo wina; ndipo zambiri zimachitidwa mwaukadaulo.

    Ofufuza a Oxford adatsimikiza kuti maboma ndi zipani zandale zayika ndalama zambiri pakupanga "ankhondo a cyber" kuti aletse mawu opikisana pawailesi yakanema. Magulu odzipereka, mabungwe a achinyamata, ndi mabungwe a anthu omwe amachirikiza malingaliro a boma nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa m'magulu ankhondo a cyberwa kuti afalitse nkhani zabodza. 

    Ma social media monga Facebook ndi Twitter ayesa kuwongolera nsanja zawo ndikuchotsa asitikali a cyber. Pakati pa Januware 2019 ndi Novembala 2020, nsanja zidachotsa maakaunti ndi masamba opitilira 317,000 pamaakaunti amafamu a troll. Komabe, akatswiri akuganiza kuti kwachedwa kwambiri kuchotsa akaunti zabodzazi. Maboma achulukirachulukira pamakampeni awo, akuyika ndalama pazanzeru zopangapanga (AI) zopangidwa pa intaneti komanso zinthu zabodza.

    Zosokoneza

    Pa zisankho za dziko la 2016 ku Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte yemwe adapambana adagwiritsa ntchito Facebook kufikira anthu ovota azaka chikwi ndikulimbikitsa "kukonda dziko." Duterte, yemwe amadziwika ndi njira yake yoyang'anira "iron-fist", adaimbidwa mlandu wophwanya ufulu wa anthu mu "nkhondo yake yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo" ndi mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, kuphatikiza UN Human Rights Council. Komabe, mbiri yoyipayi idangowonjezera kampeni yake yachisankho, makamaka pa Facebook, nsanja yomwe 97 peresenti ya aku Philippines amagwiritsa ntchito.

    Adalemba ganyu akatswiri kuti amuthandize kupanga gulu lankhondo lapadziko lonse la anthu ndi olemba mabulogu. Zotsatira zake zazikulu (nthawi zambiri zankhanza komanso zolimbana) nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa Duterte Die-Hard Supporters (DDS). Atasankhidwa, a Duterte adagwiritsa ntchito zida za Facebook, kutsitsa mbiri ndikuyika m'ndende otsutsa, kuphatikiza mtolankhani wopambana Mphotho ya Nobel, Maria Ressa ndi senator wotsutsa Leila De Lima. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa a Duterte pazama media kuti apititse patsogolo zabodza zaboma komanso kulungamitsa kuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe komwe kukuchitika motsogozedwa ndi utsogoleri wake ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chabe cha momwe maboma angagwiritsire ntchito zonse zomwe zilipo kuti asokoneze malingaliro a anthu. 

    Mu 2020, ofufuza aku University of Oxford adalemba kuti maiko 48 adagwirizana ndi alangizi apabizinesi ndi makampani ogulitsa kuti azichita kampeni yodziwitsa anthu zakupha. Makampeni awa anali okwera mtengo, ndipo pafupifupi $60 biliyoni pamakontrakitala. Ngakhale Facebook ndi malo ena ochezera a pa Intaneti akuyesetsa kuwongolera ziwopsezo zafamu ya troll, maboma nthawi zambiri ali ndi mphamvu. Mu Januware 2021, pomwe Facebook idachotsa maakaunti omwe anali okayikitsa omwe Purezidenti wa Uganda Yoweri Museveni adavoteranso Purezidenti wa Uganda, Museveni adakhala ndi opereka chithandizo pa intaneti kutsekereza mwayi wopezeka pamasamba ochezera komanso mapulogalamu otumizirana mauthenga.

    Zotsatira za kukula kwa propaganda za boma

    Zowonjezereka za kukula kwa propaganda za boma zingaphatikizepo: 

    • Kuchulukirachulukira kwamavidiyo abodza otulutsa "zoyipa" zomwe akuti zimachitidwa ndi andale.
    • Ma social media akuyika ndalama zambiri pakupalira bot ndikumanga ma algorithms kuti azindikire maakaunti abodza. Mapulatifomu ena amatha kukankhidwa kuti atsatire mfundo zotsimikizira kuti ndi ndani kwa onse ogwiritsa ntchito.
    • Maiko aboma akuletsa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe amayesa kuyimitsa kampeni yawo yofalitsa zabodza ndikuchotsa mapulogalamuwa ndi mapulogalamu owunikiridwa. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti nzika zawo ziwonjezeke kudzipatula komanso kuphunzitsidwa.
    • Anthu akulephera kuzindikira kuti ndi magwero ati omwe ali ovomerezeka chifukwa kampeni zabodza zitha kukhala zapamwamba komanso zodalirika.
    • Maiko akupitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapa social media kuti aziimba mlandu otsutsa, kuwathamangitsa, kapena kuwatsekera m'ndende.
    • Mayiko omwe akugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsutsana ndi zabodza, pofuna kuteteza chitetezo cha dziko komanso maganizo a anthu kuti asatengeke ndi zochitika zakunja.
    • Mabungwe azamalamulo akukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima paza digito, kuyesetsa kulinganiza ufulu wakulankhula ndi kufunikira koletsa mabodza osokeretsa.
    • Mikangano yaukazembe ikukwera pamene mayiko akuimba mlandu wina ndi mnzake kuti amafalitsa nkhani zabodza, zomwe zimakhudza ubale wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi mgwirizano wamalonda.

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Ngati dziko lanu lakumana ndi ndawala zabodza zoyendetsedwa ndi boma, chotsatira chake chinali chiyani?
    • Kodi mumadziteteza bwanji ku kampeni zabodza zoyendetsedwa ndi boma?

    Maumboni anzeru

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