Mphamvu yamadzi ndi chilala: Zolepheretsa kusintha kwamphamvu kwamagetsi

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Mphamvu yamadzi ndi chilala: Zolepheretsa kusintha kwamphamvu kwamagetsi

Mphamvu yamadzi ndi chilala: Zolepheretsa kusintha kwamphamvu kwamagetsi

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Kafukufuku watsopano akuwonetsa kuti mphamvu zamagetsi ku United States zitha kutsika ndi 14 peresenti mu 2022, poyerekeza ndi milingo ya 2021, chifukwa chilala ndi mvula zikupitilirabe.
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • August 5, 2022

    Chidule cha chidziwitso

    Kusintha kwanyengo kukuchepetsa mphamvu zamadamu opangira magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zawo zizichepa. Kutsika kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi uku kukukakamiza maboma ndi mafakitale kuti aganizire njira zina zopangira mphamvu, monga magetsi oyendera dzuwa ndi mphepo, ndikuwunikanso njira zawo zopezera ndalama. Zosinthazi zikuyambitsa zokambirana zokhuza kusunga mphamvu, kukwera mtengo kwa moyo, ndi tsogolo la mfundo zamphamvu za dziko.

    Mphamvu ya Hydropower ndi chilala

    Pamene makampani opanga madamu opangira magetsi akuyesa kulimbitsa malo ake ngati njira yothetsera mphamvu yothandiza kusintha kwa nyengo, umboni wochulukirachulukira ukuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwanyengo kukuchepetsa kuthekera kwa madamu a hydro kupanga mphamvu. Vutoli likukumana padziko lonse lapansi, koma lipotili lidzayang'ana kwambiri zomwe US ​​​​anakumana nazo.

    Chilala chomwe chinakhudza kumadzulo kwa US chachepetsa mphamvu ya chigawochi yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi omwe akuyenda kudzera m'malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, kutengera malipoti a 2022 a Associated Press. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Energy Information Administration, mphamvu yamagetsi ya hydropower idatsika pafupifupi 14% mu 2021 kuchokera ku 2020 chifukwa cha chilala chambiri mderali.

    Mwachitsanzo, madzi a m’nyanja ya Oroville atachepa kwambiri, California inatseka malo opangira magetsi a Hyatt Power Plant mu Ogasiti 2021. Mofananamo, nyanja ya Powell, yomwe ili m’malire a Utah-Arizona, yagwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi. Malinga ndi magazini ya Inside Climate News, madzi a m’nyanjayi anali ochepa kwambiri mu October 2021 moti bungwe la United States of Reclamation linanena kuti m’nyanjayi simudzakhalanso ndi madzi okwanira pofika m’chaka cha 2023 ngati chilala chikapitirizabe. Ngati Damu la Glen Canyon la Lake Powell litatayika, makampani othandizira amayenera kupeza njira zatsopano zoperekera mphamvu kwa ogula 5.8 miliyoni omwe nyanja ya Powell ndi madamu ena olumikizidwa amatumizira.

    Kuyambira 2020, kupezeka kwa hydropower ku California kwatsika ndi 38 peresenti, ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamadzi komwe kumaphatikizidwa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu kwa gasi. Malo osungiramo mphamvu ya madzi atsika ndi 12 peresenti kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pacific pa nthawi yomweyi, ndipo magetsi a malasha akuyembekezeredwa kuti alowe m'malo mwa hydropower pakanthawi kochepa. 

    Zosokoneza

    Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya madzi kungapangitse akuluakulu aboma m'boma ndi m'zigawo kudalira kwakanthawi pamafuta, zomwe zingachedwetse kupita patsogolo kwa zolinga zakusintha kwanyengo. Kusintha koteroko kumaika pachiwopsezo cha kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu, kumapangitsa kukwera kwapadziko lonse kwa mtengo wa moyo. Kufunika kothetsa mipata yopezera mphamvu zamagetsi kungayambitse kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mafuta oyambira kale kuposa njira zokhazikika zanthawi yayitali, kuwonetsa nthawi yofunikira popanga zisankho zamphamvu.

    Mavuto azachuma poikapo ndalama m'magawo amagetsi opangira mphamvu zamagetsi akukwera kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa kusintha kwanyengo kumakhudza kudalirika kwake. Maboma atha kuwona kuti ndalama zochulukirapo zomwe zimafunikira popangira magetsi opangira magetsi amadzi ndizotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zothanirana ndi nthawi yomweyo monga mafuta oyambira pansi, mphamvu ya nyukiliya, kapena kukulitsa zida zamagetsi adzuwa ndi mphepo. Kugawidwa kwazinthu izi kungapangitse kupangidwa kwa ntchito m'magawo amagetsi ena, makamaka kupindulitsa anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi ntchito zomanga zazikulu. Komabe, kusinthaku kungatanthauzenso kusamuka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, kukhudza omwe amagwira ntchito m'gawoli ndikusintha momwe chuma chikuyendera.

    Pothana ndi zovutazi, maboma atha kufufuza njira zatsopano monga matekinoloje opangira mtambo kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito amagetsi omwe alipo kale. Pochititsa kuti mvula igwe, mtambo ukhoza kuchepetsa chilala chomwe chimalepheretsa kupanga mphamvu yamadzi. Komabe, njira imeneyi imayambitsa malingaliro atsopano a chilengedwe ndi makhalidwe abwino, chifukwa kusintha kwa nyengo kungawononge chilengedwe. 

    Zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo zomwe zikuwopseza kuthekera kwa madamu opangira magetsi

    Zotsatira zochulukira zakuti mphamvu ya hydropower ikhale yosatheka chifukwa cha chilala chosalekeza zingaphatikizepo:

    • Maboma akuletsa ndalama zopangira magetsi atsopano opangira magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa njira zopangira mphamvu zamayiko kuzinthu zina zongowonjezedwanso.
    • Mapulojekiti amagetsi adzuwa ndi mphepo akupeza thandizo lazachuma kuchokera kumagulu aboma ndi azibambo, kupititsa patsogolo kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kutsika mtengo m'magawo awa.
    • Madera omwe ali pafupi ndi madamu amadzi akuyang'anizana ndi kupatsidwa mphamvu, zomwe zimathandizira kuti anthu adziwe zambiri za momwe angatetezere mphamvu ndi njira zogwirira ntchito bwino pakati pa okhalamo.
    • Kuwoneka kwa nyanja zopanda kanthu komanso madamu osagwira ntchito kumapangitsa kuti anthu azifuna kutsatira mfundo ndi zochita zazachilengedwe.
    • Kuchepetsa kupanga magetsi amadzi kupangitsa makampani opanga mphamvu kuti apangitse njira zosungiramo mphamvu ndi kasamalidwe ka gridi, kuwonetsetsa bata ngakhale kusinthasintha kwa magwero ongowonjezedwanso.
    • Kukwera kwamitengo yamagetsi komwe kungathe kuchitika chifukwa chosintha kuchokera kumagetsi okhazikika amadzi kupita kuzinthu zina zongowonjezera, zomwe zimakhudza bajeti zapakhomo komanso ndalama zoyendetsera bizinesi.
    • Kuchulukirachulukira kwa mikangano yapagulu ndi ndale pazamphamvu zoyambira mphamvu ndi kudzipereka kwanyengo, kukhudza zisankho zamtsogolo ndikukhazikitsa zolinga zadziko ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi.

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Kodi anthu angathe kupanga njira zothetsera chilala kapena kubweretsa mvula? 
    • Kodi mukukhulupirira kuti madamu opangira magetsi atha kukhala njira yopangira mphamvu mtsogolomo?

    Maumboni anzeru

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