Phages: m'malo mwa maantibayotiki?

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Phages: m'malo mwa maantibayotiki?

Phages: m'malo mwa maantibayotiki?

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Phages, omwe amachiza matenda popanda kuwopseza kukana kwa maantibayotiki, tsiku lina akhoza kuchiza matenda a bakiteriya pa ziweto popanda kuwopseza thanzi la anthu.
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • Mwina 6, 2022

    Chidule cha chidziwitso

    Phages, mavairasi opangidwa kuti azitha kupha mabakiteriya enaake, amapereka njira ina yodalirika yopangira maantibayotiki, omwe sakhala othandiza kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso komanso kukana kwa mabakiteriya. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa phages kumapitirira kupitirira matenda a anthu ku ziweto ndi kupanga zakudya, zomwe zingathe kuwonjezera zokolola, kuchepetsa mtengo, ndi kupereka zida zatsopano zolimbana ndi mabakiteriya kwa alimi. Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za phage zimaphatikizapo kugawa chakudya padziko lonse lapansi komanso kukula kwa mafakitale ang'onoang'ono azachipatala, komanso zovuta monga zomwe zingachitike pazachilengedwe, mikangano yamakhalidwe, komanso chiwopsezo cha matenda atsopano osamva maantibayotiki.

    Phages context

    Maantibayotiki apereka chitetezo chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu ku matenda osiyanasiyana m'zaka zana zapitazi. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo mopitirira muyeso kwapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya ena ayambe kugonjetsedwa ndi ambiri, ndipo nthawi zina, maantibayotiki onse odziwika. Mwamwayi, phages imayimira njira ina yodalirika yodzitetezera ku tsogolo lowopsa lodzaza ndi matenda osamva maantibayotiki. 

    Pakati pa 2000 ndi 2015, kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki kunawonjezeka ndi 26.2 peresenti padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala mopitirira muyeso m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi kwachititsa kuti mabakiteriya angapo amene akulimbana nawo ayambe kusamva mankhwala opha tizilombo. Kukula kumeneku kwapangitsa kuti anthu ndi ziweto zizikhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya ndipo zathandizira kukulitsa zomwe zimatchedwa "superbugs". 

    Phages amapereka yankho lodalirika pazochitika zomwe zikukula chifukwa zimagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi maantibayotiki; mophweka, phage ndi mavairasi omwe apangidwa kuti azitha kupha mabakiteriya enieni. Phage amafunafuna ndikudzibaya mkati mwa maselo a bakiteriya omwe akutsata, kuberekana mpaka mabakiteriya awonongedwa, kenako nkubalalika. Lonjezo lomwe linawonetsedwa ndi phages pochiza mabakiteriya linatsogolera Texas A&M University kuti atsegule Center for Phage Technology mu 2010. 

    Zosokoneza

    PGH ndi oyambitsa ena angapo amakhulupirira kuti ma phages angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupitilira matenda a anthu, makamaka m'mafakitale oweta ndi kupanga chakudya. Kuthekera kofananirako kwa kupanga mankhwala a phage ndi kupeza chilolezo cha Federal Drug Administration ku US kungapangitse mitengo kukhala yofanana ndi maantibayotiki ndikulola alimi kupeza zida zatsopano zolimbana ndi mabakiteriya. Komabe, ma phages ayenera kusungidwa pa 4 ° C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusungirako zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. 

    Ndi ma phages molingana amadzikulitsa okha ma virus ofunikira kuti awononge mabakiteriya omwe akufuna, alimi sakanathanso kukhudzidwa ndi kuopsa kwa matenda a bakiteriya pa ziweto zawo. Momwemonso, ma phages angathandizenso mbewu zachakudya kuteteza matenda a bakiteriya, potero amathandizira alimi kuti awonjezere zokolola zawo ndi phindu popeza mbewu zazikulu zitha kukolola, ndipo pamapeto pake zimalola kuti ntchito zaulimi zichepetse ndalama ndikuwonjezera malire awo ogwirira ntchito. 

    Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2020, zopindulitsa izi zidzawona chithandizo chamankhwala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda, makamaka m'maiko omwe akupanga zogulitsa zaulimi. Kufunika kosungira ma phage pa kutentha koyenera kungapangitsenso kuti mitundu yatsopano ya mafiriji amtundu wa mafoni apangidwe kuti athandize kugwiritsa ntchito phage mkati mwa mafakitale a zaulimi ndi zaumoyo. Kapenanso, zaka za m'ma 2030 zitha kuwona asayansi akupanga njira zosungira zomwe sizifuna firiji, monga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, zomwe zitha kulola kuti ma phages asungidwe kutentha kwanthawi yayitali. 

    Zotsatira za phages

    Zotsatira zazikulu za phages zingaphatikizepo:

    • Chakudya chochuluka chomwe chimapezedwa chifukwa cha kukolola kochulukira komanso kukolola kochulukira kumagawidwa kumayiko omwe akuvutika ndi njala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chakudya chokwanira padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchepetsa njala m'madera osauka.
    • Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi ya moyo komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira odwala ndi ziweto zomwe zimadwala matenda osagwirizana ndi maantibayotiki omwe amatha kulandira chithandizo pamene palibe chomwe chinalipo kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala athanzi komanso machitidwe azaumoyo okhazikika.
    • Kukula kofulumira kwa gawo lazachipatala lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza, kupanga, ndi kugawa, zomwe zadzetsa mwayi watsopano wa ntchito komanso kuthandizira kukula kwachuma mu gawo la biotechnology.
    • Kuthandizira modzichepetsa ziwerengero za kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi monga ma phage kungathandize kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kufa kwa ana, zomwe zimabweretsa kukhazikika kwa chiwerengero cha anthu komanso phindu lomwe lingakhalepo pazachuma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito.
    • Kutheka kudalira kwambiri phage muulimi, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zosayembekezereka zachilengedwe komanso zovuta pakusunga zachilengedwe.
    • Zovuta zamakhalidwe ndi mikangano pakugwiritsa ntchito ma phages muzamankhwala ndi ulimi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zowongolera zomwe zingalepheretse kupita patsogolo m'madera ena.
    • Kuthekera kwa ma monopolies kapena oligopolies kupanga mkati mwa mafakitale a phage, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wosagwirizana ndi zinthu zofunikazi komanso zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo pazamalonda ang'onoang'ono ndi ogula.
    • Kuopsa kwa mitundu yatsopano ya matenda osamva maantibayotiki omwe amabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika phages, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zina pazaumoyo komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike paumoyo wa anthu.

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Kodi zotsatira zoyipa za phage zitha kukhala zotani pazaulimi ndi zaumoyo? 
    • Kodi mumakhulupirira kuti ma superbugs ndi ma virus amatha kugonjetsedwa ndi phage?