Maselo Opanga: Kugwiritsa ntchito biology yopangira kusintha ma genetic code

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Maselo Opanga: Kugwiritsa ntchito biology yopangira kusintha ma genetic code

Maselo Opanga: Kugwiritsa ntchito biology yopangira kusintha ma genetic code

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa biology yopangira zinthu kumatanthauza kuti kwangotsala zaka zochepa kuti tisinthe chibadwa cha maselo athu - zabwino kapena zoyipa.
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • November 12, 2021

    Kupita patsogolo kwa biology yopangidwa kwatsegula njira yopangira ma cell opanga, zomwe zikukhudza magawo ambiri kuyambira azaumoyo mpaka ulimi. Maselo opangidwa ndi makinawa, omwe amatha kupanga mapuloteni atsopano, amatha kupereka chithandizo chamunthu payekha, mbewu zolimba, komanso njira zothetsera mphamvu zokhazikika. Komabe, kudumpha kwaukadaulo uku kumabweretsanso zovuta zamakhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, monga kusalingana ndi kusokonezeka kwachilengedwe komwe kungachitike, zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera mosamalitsa padziko lonse lapansi komanso kukambirana momveka bwino.

    Maselo opangira zinthu

    Asayansi atha zaka zambiri akuyesera kupanga zamoyo. Mu 2016 adapanga cell synthetic kuyambira poyambira. Tsoka ilo, selo linali ndi machitidwe osadziwika bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuphunzira. Komabe, mu 2021 asayansi adatha kunena za majini asanu ndi awiri omwe amatsogolera kukula kwa maselo. Kumvetsetsa majini amenewa n’kofunika kwambiri kuti asayansi apange maselo opangidwa.

    Pakalipano, kupita patsogolo kwina kwa sayansi kwapangitsa kuti zitheke kusintha maselo omwe alipo kuti agwiritse ntchito "ntchito zopanga." M'malo mwake, biology yopanga imatha kupangitsa ma cellwa kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino posintha njira zopangira mapuloteni. Kuphatikizika kwa mapuloteni ndikofunikira pakukula ndi kusintha kwa ma cell. 

    Symbiogenesis ndi chiphunzitso chovomerezeka cha momwe maselo amagwirira ntchito masiku ano. Chiphunzitsochi chimanena kuti mabakiteriya atakumana zaka mabiliyoni aŵiri zapitazo, maselowo sanagayidwe. M'malo mwake, anapanga ubale wopindulitsa, kupanga selo la eukaryotic. Selo la eukaryotic lili ndi makina ovuta kupanga mapuloteni omwe amatha kupanga puloteni iliyonse yolembedwa mu chibadwa cha selo. 

    Asayansi aku Germany ayika ma organelles opangidwa omwe amatha kusintha ma genetic a cell kuti apange mapuloteni atsopano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti cell yopangidwayo tsopano imatha kupanga mapuloteni atsopano popanda kusintha kulikonse pakugwira ntchito kwake.

    Zosokoneza

    Kubwera kwa maselo opanga zinthu kungasinthe mmene timachitira ndi matenda ndi kusamalira thanzi lathu. Maselo amatha kupangidwa kuti azitha kuyang'ana ndi kuthetsa khansa, kapena kupanga insulini kwa omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa mankhwala akunja. Izi zitha kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pamakampani opanga mankhwala, chifukwa cholinga chake chitha kuchoka pakupanga mankhwala kupita pakupanga ndi kupanga maselo enaake. Kwa anthu pawokha, izi zitha kutanthauza chithandizo chamunthu payekha komanso chothandiza, chomwe chingathe kuwongolera moyo wabwino komanso moyo wautali.

    Kwa mafakitale opitilira chithandizo chamankhwala, ma cell opanga amatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Paulimi, zomera zimatha kupangidwa ndi maselo omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo kapena nyengo yovuta, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kuonjezera chitetezo cha chakudya. M'gawo lamagetsi, ma cell amatha kupangidwa kuti azitha kusintha bwino kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala ma biofuel, ndikupereka njira yokhazikika pazosowa zamagetsi. Makampani omwe akugwira ntchito m'magawowa angafunikire kuzolowera umisiri watsopanowu, womwe ungafunike luso ndi chidziwitso chatsopano, ndipo maboma afunika kukhazikitsa malamulo owonetsetsa kuti chitetezo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera.

    Komabe, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kofala kwa maselo opangira zinthu kumadzutsanso mafunso ofunika akhalidwe ndi anthu amene ayenera kuyankhidwa. Ndani adzakhala ndi mwayi wa matekinoloje amenewa? Kodi zidzakhala zotsika mtengo kwa aliyense kapena kwa omwe angakwanitse kulipira? Chofunika kwambiri, tidzaonetsetsa bwanji kuti kugwiritsa ntchito maselo opangira zinthu sikubweretsa zotsatira zosayembekezereka, monga matenda atsopano kapena zochitika zachilengedwe? Maboma angafunikire kukhazikitsa malamulo apadziko lonse kuti athetsere bwino mafunsowa.

    Zotsatira za ma cell opanga 

    Zotsatira zazikulu za maselo opanga zingaphatikizepo:

    • Maselo aumunthu akupangidwa kuti asatengeke ndi zotsatira za ukalamba. 
    • Mafakitale atsopano amakhazikika pakupanga ma cell ndi kupanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama mu biotechnology.
    • Maselo okonza akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa zowononga zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo abwino komanso abwino.
    • Kupanga mbewu zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimathandizira kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la anthu komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo.
    • Kupanga ma biofuel kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kudalira kwathu pamafuta oyambira pansi komanso kulimbikitsa ufulu wodziyimira pawokha.
    • Kusokonezeka komwe kungachitike m'chilengedwe kumabweretsa zotsatira zosayembekezereka pazachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana.
    • Kukambitsirana kwatsopano kwa makanda opangidwa, ndikuyambitsa mafunso okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu "angwiro" komanso momwe izi zingaipitsire kusiyana pakati pa anthu.

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Ndi ntchito zina ziti zomwe mungaganizire zama cell opanga m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana? 
    • Kodi mukuganiza kuti maselo opangidwa ndi opangidwa amagwiritsiridwa ntchito pofunafuna moyo wosafa?

    Maumboni anzeru

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