Mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya Next-Gen imatuluka ngati njira ina yotetezeka

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• February 13, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Ngakhale kuti mphamvu za nyukiliya zatsala pang'ono kutha komanso kuti anthu akuda nkhawa nazo, mphamvu za nyukiliya zatsala pang'ono kusintha, makampani akuyesetsa kuti akhale otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito bwino. Zotukuka monga ma rector ang'onoang'ono amagetsi ndi ma reactors amchere osungunuka akutsatiridwa, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti mphamvu za nyukiliya zitheke, komanso kuthana ndi vuto lomwe lakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali la kasamalidwe ka zinyalala za nyukiliya. Zotsatira zazikulu za kupita patsogolo kumeneku zimachokera ku kupereka mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito malonda, mafakitale, ndi ogula, kupanga mwayi watsopano wa ntchito ndi kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa ndondomeko za mphamvu za dziko ndi mayiko.

Next-gen nuclear energy context

Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, mphamvu za nyukiliya zakhala zikulimbana ndi malingaliro a anthu, vuto lomwe likukulirakulira ndi zochitika zoopsa monga za ku Chernobyl ndi Fukushima. Ngakhale pali zovuta izi, ambiri omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamakampani akupitilizabe kuwona kuthekera kwamagetsiwa, makamaka ngati m'malo mwa mafuta oyambira omwe amawononga chilengedwe. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi za mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi mphamvu yake yopangira mphamvu popanda kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha panthawi yogwira ntchito. Komabe, nkhani zokhudza chitetezo ndi kusamalira zinyalala za nyukiliya zathandiza kuti anthu asamaganize molakwika pa gwero la mphamvu zimenezi.

Padziko lonse lapansi, mafakitale ambiri opangira magetsi a nyukiliya akuyandikira kumapeto kwa moyo wawo wogwira ntchito, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zowonjezera sizikumangidwa mwachangu kuti zisungidwe zomwe zilipo. Izi zimadzutsa mafunso okhudza tsogolo la kutulutsa mphamvu, komanso momwe tingasungire mphamvu zokwanira popanda kudalira kwambiri magwero a carbon. Zoyesayesa zambiri zikuchitika pofuna kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya ndikuzipanga kukhala njira ina yotheka.

Njira zatsopano zikufufuzidwa kuti mphamvu ya nyukiliya ikhale yotetezeka komanso yosamalidwa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ogwira nawo ntchito m'makampani akugwira ntchito yopanga zida zanyukiliya zam'tsogolo zomwe ndi zazing'ono, zogwiritsidwa ntchito pakompyuta, komanso zomangidwa ndi zida zapamwamba kuti chitetezo chiwonjezeke. Kuonjezera apo, njira zatsopano zosungira kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zinyalala zochokera kumalo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya zomwe zinathetsedwa zikuyesedwa. Zina mwazosangalatsa ndi ma modular modular reactors (SMRs), omwe amapereka njira yotetezeka komanso yowopsa kuposa ma reactors achikhalidwe, komanso chidwi chotsitsimutsanso pamagetsi osungunuka amchere. 

Zosokoneza

Ma SMR, chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo komanso kutsika mtengo kwake, atha kupangitsa mphamvu ya nyukiliya kuti ifike kumayiko ndi madera omwe m'mbuyomu akanapeza kuti ndalama ndi zomangamanga zopangira zida zanyukiliya zakale zimakhala zovuta. Pochepetsa nthawi ndi zinthu zofunikira kuti akhazikitse makina atsopano opangira magetsi, ma SMRs atha kupangitsa kuti anthu ambiri okhudzidwa nawo athe kutenga nawo gawo popanga mphamvu za nyukiliya. Kukula kumeneku kungathe kugawa mphamvu zopangira magetsi, kupatsa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono kuwongolera mphamvu zawo.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida zopangira mchere wosungunuka, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wapadera wamafuta ndipo zimatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza, kumabweretsa chiyembekezo chamtsogolo champhamvu yanyukiliya. Kuthekera kwa ma reactor amenewa kuwononga pang'onopang'ono zinyalala za nyukiliya pakapita nthawi kungathandize kuthana ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limakhudzana ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya: kuyang'anira zinyalala za nyukiliya. Zotsatira zake, malingaliro ozungulira mphamvu za nyukiliya amatha kuwona kusintha kwakukulu, kukhala njira yothetsera zinyalala komanso kupanga mphamvu.

Munjira inanso yokhudzana ndi chitetezo, ena ogwira nawo ntchito akuyesetsa kupanga mafuta omwe sangatenthe kwambiri, kuchepetsa ngozi za ngozi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kukuchitika kuti awone kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala za radioactive zomwe zakutidwa ndi diamondi ngati gwero lamagetsi. Ngati zitheka, zoyesayesazi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri ngozi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya, ndikupangitsa kukhala njira yotetezeka. 

Zotsatira za mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya m'badwo wotsatira

Zotsatira zazikulu za mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya m'badwo wotsatira zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupereka mphamvu pazamalonda ndi mafakitale, komanso pamlingo wa ogula.
• Kuthandizira kusakanikirana kwamagetsi opanda mpweya, pamodzi ndi zongowonjezeranso monga dzuwa ndi mphepo.
• Kupanga malo opangira mphamvu za nyukiliya kukhala otetezeka kuti azigwira ntchito ndikugwira ntchito.
• Bizinesi yatsopano yomwe ikupanga mwayi wantchito mu kafukufuku wasayansi, uinjiniya, ndi kukonza, kupititsa patsogolo msika wantchito ndi luso laukadaulo.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zing'onozing'ono, zogwira mtima kwambiri zomwe zimathandiza madera akumidzi ndi mayiko ang'onoang'ono kupanga mphamvu zawo paokha, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu za geopolitical power dynamics.
• Kusintha kwa ndondomeko za mphamvu za dziko ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi, kutsogolera kusintha kuchokera ku mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu za carbon kupita ku njira zochepetsera mpweya.
• Kuchepetsa mitengo yamagetsi kwa ogula, zomwe zikuthandizira mpumulo wachuma kwa mabanja ndi mabizinesi.
• Madera omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya akukhala ndi moyo wabwino chifukwa chachitetezo chokhazikika komanso chiwopsezo chochepa.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Ndi zatsopano zonsezi, kodi mungaphunzire kuwona mphamvu ya nyukiliya ngati njira yotetezeka? 
• Ndi njira iti ya m'badwo wotsatira yomwe mukukhulupirira kuti ikupatsani mayankho abwino?