GPS Backup: Kuthekera kwa kutsatira kanjira kochepa

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• June 16, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Mawonekedwe a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) akukhala gawo lazamalonda, ukadaulo, komanso madera, pomwe mafakitale ngati makampani odziyimira pawokha amafunikira deta yolondola ya Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) kuposa momwe GPS ingaperekere. Kuzindikirika kwa data ya GPS ngati maziko achitetezo cha dziko ndi chuma kwapangitsa kuti akuluakulu achitepo kanthu ndi mgwirizano womwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kudalira GPS, makamaka m'magawo ovuta kwambiri. Mabizinesi atsopano akubwera, omwe akufuna kukulitsa kupezeka kwa PNT kudzera m'magulu a nyenyezi otsika a satellite, zomwe zitha kutsegulira zatsopano zachuma.

GPS Backup nkhani

Makampani omwe akugulitsa mabiliyoni a madola popanga magalimoto odziyendetsa okha, ma drone oyendetsa ndege, komanso ma taxi apamtunda akutawuni amadalira deta yolondola komanso yodalirika yamalo kuti athe kuyendetsa bwino ntchito zawo. Komabe, mwachitsanzo, pomwe data ya GPS imatha kupeza foni yam'manja pamtunda wa 4.9 metres (mamita 16), mtunda uwu siwolondola mokwanira pamakampani odziyendetsa okha. Makampani odziyimira pawokha akulozera kulondola kwa malo mpaka mamilimita 10, ndi mtunda wawukulu womwe umabweretsa zovuta zazikulu zachitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito m'malo enieni.

Kudalira kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana pa data ya GPS ndikofala kwambiri kotero kuti kusokoneza kapena kuwongolera deta ya GPS kapena ma siginecha kumatha kuyika pachiwopsezo chitetezo chadziko ndi zachuma. Ku United States (US), oyang'anira a Trump adapereka lamulo mu 2020 lomwe lidapatsa dipatimenti yowona zamalonda mphamvu kuti lizindikire zomwe zingawopseze machitidwe a US a PNT ndipo adalamula kuti njira zogulira zinthu zaboma ziziganizira zoopseza izi. Dipatimenti ya US Department of Homeland Security imagwiranso ntchito ndi bungwe la US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency kuti magetsi a dziko, ntchito zadzidzidzi, ndi zipangizo zina zofunika kwambiri zisakhale zodalira GPS.

Kufunitsitsa kukulitsa kupezeka kwa PNT kupitilira GPS yawona TrustPoint, chiyambi chomwe chimayang'ana pakupanga kachitidwe ka satelayiti padziko lonse lapansi (GNSS) yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2020. Idalandira ndalama zokwana madola 2 miliyoni mu 2021. Xona Space Systems, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2019 ku San Mateo. , California, ikuchitanso ntchito yomweyo. TrustPoint ndi Xona akukonzekera kukhazikitsa magulu a nyenyezi ang'onoang'ono a satelayiti m'njira yotsika kuti apereke ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi za PNT mosadalira ma GPS omwe alipo komanso magulu a nyenyezi a GNSS. 

Zosokoneza

Tsogolo la GPS ndi zina zake ndi zolumikizana ndi ukonde wovuta wazamalonda, umisiri, ndi zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kutuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) kuyenera kuyendetsa mafakitale omwe amadalira deta ya Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) kuti apange mgwirizano wamalonda ndi othandizira osiyanasiyana. Kusunthaku kungawonedwe ngati njira yowonetsetsa kuti pali kuchepa kwa ntchito komanso kudalirika kwa data yofunika kwambiri yoyendera maulendo ndi nthawi, yomwe ndi msana wa mafakitale ambiri amakono kuphatikizapo mayendedwe, mayendedwe, ndi ntchito zadzidzidzi. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zitha kulimbikitsa kusiyana kwa msika ndi mpikisano mkati mwa magawo a PNT ndi GNSS, kuwapangitsa kukhala achangu komanso olabadira zosowa za makasitomala awo osiyanasiyana.

Pamlingo wokulirapo, kukhalapo kwa machitidwe angapo a GNSS kumatha kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa woyang'anira wapadziko lonse kapena benchmark kuti atsimikizire kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa deta yoperekedwa ndi machitidwewa. Bungwe lokhazikitsa miyezo padziko lonse lapansi loterolo litha kuyesetsa kugwirizanitsa miyezo yaukadaulo ndi magwiridwe antchito pamakina osiyanasiyana a GNSS, kuwonetsetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi amagwirizana komanso kukhulupirirana. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa kusagwirizana kwa data ya PNT kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu, kuyambira kusokoneza pang'ono pakuperekedwa kwa ntchito kupita ku zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo m'magawo monga oyendetsa ndege kapena kuyenda panyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyimitsidwa kungathandizenso kuphatikiza machitidwe osiyanasiyana, kupititsa patsogolo kulimba kwa ntchito za PNT motsutsana ndi zolephera zomwe zingachitike, kusokoneza mwadala, kapena masoka achilengedwe.

Maboma, omwe nthawi zambiri amadalira GPS, akhoza kuona phindu popanga makina awo a PNT mothandizidwa ndi zomangamanga za GNSS, monga njira yopezera deta ndi ufulu wodziimira. Kudzidalira kumeneku sikumangokhala ndi mwayi wopititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha dziko komanso kumatsegula njira zopangira mgwirizano ndi mayiko ena potengera zolinga za chikhalidwe, ndale, kapena zachuma. Komanso, pamene maiko akuyamba kupanga machitidwe odziyimira pawokha a PNT, makampani aukadaulo m'maikowa atha kuwona kuchuluka kwandalama zaboma, zomwe zitha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa ntchito m'magawo aukadaulo, ndikupangitsa kuti chuma chisokonezeke. Mchitidwewu ukhoza kulimbikitsa dziko lonse lapansi kumene mayiko sali odzidalira okha pa tekinoloje komanso akugwira nawo ntchito zolimbikitsana zogwirizana ndi zomangamanga ndi zolinga za PNT.

Zotsatira za matekinoloje atsopano a GPS akupangidwa

Zotsatira zokulirapo za data ya PNT yoperekedwa kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana zingaphatikizepo:

• Maboma akupanga machitidwe awoawo a PNT pazolinga zenizeni zankhondo.
• Mayiko osiyanasiyana omwe amaletsa ma satellite a PNT ochokera kumayiko otsutsana kapena ma blocs kuti azitha kuzungulira malire awo.
• Kutsegula mabiliyoni a madola azachuma monga matekinoloje, monga ma drones ndi magalimoto odziyendetsa okha, adzakhala odalirika komanso otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamitundu yambiri.
• Njira zotsika za GNSS zimakhala njira yayikulu yopezera deta ya PNT pazolinga zogwirira ntchito.
• Kutuluka kwamakampani a cybersecurity omwe amapereka chitetezo cha data cha PNT ngati mzere wothandizira kasitomala.
• Zoyambitsa zatsopano zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki atsopano a PNT kupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi ntchito.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mulingo wapadziko lonse wa PNT ukhazikitsidwe, kapena makampani ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana aloledwe kupanga ma data awo a PNT? Chifukwa chiyani?
• Kodi miyezo yosiyanasiyana ya PNT ingakhudze bwanji chidaliro cha ogula pazinthu zomwe zimadalira data ya PNT?