Kukula kwa megacities: mzinda wokulirapo wamtsogolo

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Kukula kwa megacities: mzinda wokulirapo wamtsogolo

Kukula kwa megacities: mzinda wokulirapo wamtsogolo

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Ma Megacities atsala pang'ono kuchulukirachulukira m'zaka khumi ndipo atha kukhala malo atsopano omenyera ndale zapadziko lonse lapansi.
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • February 17, 2023

    Ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, mizinda ikuluikulu - yomwe ili ndi anthu opitilira 10 miliyoni - imapereka mwayi wotukula chuma komanso chitukuko chatsopano chaukadaulo. Amagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonza zandale, makamaka pakati pa Kum'mawa ndi Kumadzulo, ndipo akutuluka ngati otsogolera ndale zapadziko lonse lapansi.

    Kukula kwa megacities

    Malinga ndi magazini ya zamalonda, CEO Today, pakali pano pali mizinda ikuluikulu 33 padziko lonse (2021), makamaka yomwe ili ku South ndi East Asia, koma chiwerengerochi chikhoza kufika pa 43 pofika 2030, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu mu Africa. Mizinda ina yolembedwa ndi United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ndi Paris, London, New York, Moscow, Rio de Janeiro, Mexico City, Kinshasa, Cairo, Dhaka, Shanghai, Seoul, Tokyo, ndi Manila. Madera otsatirawa akuyembekezeredwa kuti adzafika 2030: Santiago (Chile), Chengdu, Xi'an, Wuhan, ndi Nanjing (China), Ahmedabad ndi Surat (India), ndi Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia).

    Ngakhale kuti mzinda wa Tokyo ukadali mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku Asia, China ndi India akupanga mizinda yawoyawo mwachangu. Pakadali pano, dera la Africa latsala pang'ono kukhala ndi ma megacities odalirika kwambiri pankhani yaukadaulo, mwayi wamabizinesi, komanso zothandizira anthu. Kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu m'derali kupitilirabe kukwera ndikukhalabe achichepere (apakati pazaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 20) m'ma 2030.

    Kukula kwa mizinda ikuluikulu kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza kukwera kwa mizinda mwachangu, kuchuluka kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. Pofika m’chaka cha 2050, bungwe la United Nations (UN) linati anthu 68 pa anthu XNUMX alionse padziko lapansi adzakhala m’matauni, ndipo ambiri a iwo amakhala m’mizinda ikuluikulu. Kukula kofulumiraku kumapereka mwayi komanso zovuta kwa madera ndi mabizinesi m'mizindayi. Megacities imapereka mwayi wochuluka wazatsopano, zamalonda, komanso mwayi wotukula zachuma. Komabe, amakumananso ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, monga kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchulukana kwa magalimoto, kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, ndi umbanda.

    Zosokoneza

    Chimodzi mwazowopsa zomwe ma megacities angakumane nazo ndikufunika kokulirapo kwa mphamvu zatsopano, madzi, ndi zoyendera (pakati pa ntchito zina zofunika) kuti zithandizire kukula kwawo mwachangu. Vutoli limapereka mwayi kwa mabizinesi ndi maboma kuti akhazikitse ndalama zogwirira ntchito zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika zomwe zitha kukwaniritsa zosowa za mizinda yomwe ikukula komanso kupirira kusintha kwanyengo mtsogolo. Momwemonso, kufunikira kwandalama zazikuluzikulu kumeneku kungawone mizinda ikuluikulu kukhala patsogolo pampikisano wamayiko otukuka pomwe mayiko otukuka akupikisana kuti agwiritse ntchito chuma chomwe chikutukuka kumene ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso ntchito zosatukuka.

    Mwachitsanzo, mayendedwe a anthu ambiri ndi kukonzanso zomangamanga ku Dar es Salaam ku Tanzania ndi ku Luanda ku Angola zidaperekedwa ndi makampani aku China. Ndale za katemera zasokonezanso dera, motsogozedwa ndi China ndi Russia. Ngati mayiko akumadzulo akufuna kukhazikitsa malo okhazikika m'mizinda ikuluikulu yomwe ikukulayi, ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikuchita nawo ndondomeko zaukazembe ndi zamalonda.

    Madera awiri akulu omwe makampani aku Western ndi Kum'mawa atha kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo ndi e-commerce. Megacities amapereka makasitomala opanda malire ndi antchito kwa oyambitsa ndi venture capitalists kuyang'ana pa ntchito digito, monga telecoms, Intaneti kugula, ndi mabanki. Gawo lina la mwayi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, makamaka mankhwala ndi katemera. Pamapeto pake, zili m'maboma kuganizira za mfundo zatsopano zamatauni zowongolera ndikuwunikanso kuthekera kwa mizinda yayikulu.

    Zotsatira za kukula kwa megacities

    Zowonjezereka za kukula kwa megacities zingaphatikizepo:

    • Kufunika kwakukulu kwa mayendedwe opita kumisewu yodzaza misewu, kuchulukitsitsa kwamayendedwe a anthu, komanso kudalira kwambiri magalimoto amtundu uliwonse, zomwe zimathandizira kuipitsa mpweya ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. M'matauni olemera, olimbikira kwambiri, zoyendera za anthu onse komanso machitidwe odziyimira pawokha aziwona ndalama zambiri zomwe zapangidwa kuti zithandizire kuchulukirachulukira kwamatauni ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ambiri.
    • US/Europe ikupikisana motsutsana ndi Russia/China kuti ipereke ntchito zofunika ku mizinda yayikulu m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
    • Makampani akuluakulu ndi mafakitale opangira zinthu akumangidwa pafupi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti achepetse ntchito zawo.
    • Makampani ogulitsa nyumba amapezerapo mwayi wochuluka wa anthu omwe akusamukira kumizinda ikuluikulu kuti akagwire ntchito ndi mwayi wamabizinesi popereka malo okhalamo okhazikika komanso ammudzi.
    • Magawo a ntchito zofunika kwambiri akugwiritsa ntchito mwamphamvu intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko chawo chapagulu kuti athandizire mizinda yayikulu yolumikizana komanso yovuta.
    • Gawo lazamalamulo ndi dongosolo lomwe likudalira njira zowunikira anthu pa intaneti ndi biometric kuti azitsatira kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikuletsa umbanda.
    • Kuchulukana kwa chuma ndi chuma m'mizinda ikuluikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa anthu omwe amapeza ndalama komanso kusapezeka pagulu, makamaka kwa anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa komanso obwera.
    • Kuchulukirachulukira kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso ntchito zamafakitale m'mizinda ikuluikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuyipitsa kwa mpweya ndi madzi, komanso kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka, zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la anthu okhala m'matauni ndi zachilengedwe zozungulira.

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Kodi mwakhala mukukhala m'mizinda yayikulu komanso tawuni yaying'ono? Kodi mwakumana ndi zotani pankhani yazantchito komanso mwayi wazachuma?
    • Mukuganiza kuti mzinda wanu usintha bwanji zaka khumi zikubwerazi?

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