Letsani chikhalidwe: Kodi uku ndikokusaka kwamatsenga kwatsopano kwa digito?

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• December 1, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Chikhalidwe choletsa chakhala chovuta kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2010 pamene kutchuka ndi kufalikira kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kukupitirirabe. Ena amatamandidwa kusiya chikhalidwe ngati njira yabwino yopangira anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zochita zawo, zakale ndi zamakono. Ena amaona kuti maganizo a anthu amene amalimbikitsa gululi amapangitsa kuti pakhale malo oopsa omwe amalimbikitsa kupezerera anzawo komanso kuwaletsa.

Letsani chikhalidwe

Malinga ndi kunena kwa Pew Research Center, liwu lakuti “kuletsa chikhalidwe” likunenedwa kuti linayambika ndi mawu achipongwe, “kuletsa,” amene analozera ku kupatukana ndi winawake m’nyimbo ya m’ma 1980. Mawuwa adatchulidwa pambuyo pake m'mafilimu ndi pawailesi yakanema, pomwe adasinthika ndikutchuka pazama TV. Pofika mchaka cha 2022, kuletsa chikhalidwe chatuluka ngati lingaliro lotsutsana kwambiri pazandale zadziko. Pali mikangano yambiri pa zomwe izo ziri ndi zomwe zikutanthawuza, kuphatikizapo ngati ndi njira yopangira anthu mlandu kapena njira yolangira anthu mopanda chilungamo. Ena amati kuletsa chikhalidwe kulibe konse.

Mu 2020, Pew Research idachita kafukufuku ku US kwa akulu opitilira 10,000 kuti adziwe zambiri za momwe amaonera zinthu zapa TV. Pafupifupi 44 peresenti adanena kuti adamva bwino za chikhalidwe cha anthu, pamene 38 peresenti adanena kuti sakudziwa. Kuonjezera apo, omwe anafunsidwa osakwana zaka 30 amadziwa mawu abwino kwambiri, pamene 34 peresenti yokha ya omwe anafunsidwa pazaka 50 adamvapo.

Pafupifupi 50 peresenti amawona kuletsa chikhalidwe ngati njira yoyankhira, ndipo 14 peresenti adati ndikuwunika. Ena omwe adafunsidwa adachitcha kuti "chiwopsezo chankhanza." Malingaliro ena akuphatikizira kuletsa anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro osiyana, kuukira zikhulupiriro zaku America, komanso njira yowonetsera tsankho komanso tsankho. Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi magulu ena, anthu achi Republican osamala amatha kuzindikira chikhalidwe ngati njira yowunikira.

Zosokoneza

Malinga ndi wofalitsa nkhani Vox, ndale zakhudzadi momwe chikhalidwe chimakhalira. Ku US, andale ambiri akumanja apereka malamulo omwe angachotse mabungwe aufulu, mabizinesi, ndi mabungwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2021, atsogoleri ena a dziko la Republican adati achotsa kusakhululukidwa ku Federal League Baseball (MLB) ngati MLB ikana lamulo loletsa kuvota ku Georgia.

Pomwe atolankhani akumanja a Fox News akuwonetsa nkhawa zakuletsa chikhalidwe, zomwe zidapangitsa Gen X kuchitapo kanthu pankhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo mu 2021, Mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri pa intaneti, Tucker Carlson anali wokhulupilika kwambiri ku gulu lodana ndi kuletsa chikhalidwe, kulimbikira kuti omasuka amayesa kuchotsa chilichonse, kuyambira Space Jam mpaka Lachinayi la Julayi.

Komabe, omwe amalimbikitsa kuletsa chikhalidwe amawonetsanso mphamvu ya gululi polanga anthu otchuka omwe akuganiza kuti ali pamwamba pa lamulo. Chitsanzo ndi wochita manyazi waku Hollywood Harvey Weinstein. Weinstein anaimbidwa mlandu wogwiririra mu 2017 ndipo adaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka 23 mu 2020. Ngakhale chigamulocho chinali chochedwa, kuchotsedwa kwake kunali kofulumira pa intaneti, makamaka pa Twitter.

Opulumuka ake atangoyamba kubwera kudzafotokoza za nkhanza zake, Twitterverse idatsamira kwambiri gulu la #MeToo lodana ndi nkhanza zogonana ndipo lidalamula kuti Hollywood ilange mmodzi mwa anthu ake osakhudzidwa. Zinagwira ntchito. Bungwe la Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences linamuthamangitsa mu 2017. Situdiyo yake ya kanema, The Weinstein Company, idanyanyalidwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti 2018 iwonongeke.

Zotsatira za kuchotsa chikhalidwe

Zowonjezereka za chikhalidwe choletsa zingaphatikizepo: 

• Ma social media akukakamizika kuwongolera momwe anthu amalembera ndemanga pa nkhani zomwe zachitika kuti apewe milandu. M'mayiko ena, malamulo amatha kukakamiza malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kuti azitsatira anthu odziwika bwino m'malo molola anthu osadziwika kuti abweretse chiopsezo choyambitsa kapena kufalitsa miseche.
• Kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kukhala okhululuka kwambiri zolakwa za anthu am'mbuyomu, komanso kudzifufuza komwe anthu amadziwonetsera okha pa intaneti.
• Zipani zandale zikuchulukirachulukira zida zochotsa chikhalidwe chawo motsutsana ndi otsutsa ndi otsutsa. Mchitidwewu ukhoza kupangitsa kuti anthu asokonezeke komanso kupondereza ufulu.
• Ogwira ntchito pagulu akufunika kwambiri popeza anthu otchuka komanso otchuka amalemba ntchito zawo kuti achepetse chikhalidwe. Pakhalanso chidwi chochulukira pazida zochotsera anthu zomwe zimachotsa kapena kuwona zomwe zidanenedwa kale za mayendedwe olakwika pa intaneti.
• Otsutsa oletsa chikhalidwe chowonetsa malingaliro a gulu la anthu omwe angapangitse kuti anthu ena aziimbidwa mlandu popanda mlandu.
• Malo ochezera a pa Intaneti akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati "kumangidwa kwa nzika," kumene anthu amatcha olakwira omwe amawaganizira kuti ndi atsankho.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mudatengapo gawo pamwambo woletsa chikhalidwe? Kodi zotsatira zake zinali zotani?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti kusiya chikhalidwe ndi njira yothandiza kuti anthu aziyankha mlandu?