Apolisi olosera: Kupewa umbanda kapena kulimbikitsa kukondera?

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Apolisi olosera: Kupewa umbanda kapena kulimbikitsa kukondera?

Apolisi olosera: Kupewa umbanda kapena kulimbikitsa kukondera?

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Ma algorithms tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito kulosera komwe upandu ungachitike, koma kodi datayo ikhoza kudaliridwa kuti ikhalebe ndi cholinga?
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • Mwina 25, 2023

    Kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a intelligence artificial intelligence (AI) kuti azindikire zaumbanda ndikuwonetsa njira zomwe angathandizire kuti apewe zigawenga zamtsogolo zitha kukhala njira yatsopano yolimbikitsira mabungwe azamalamulo. Posanthula zambiri monga malipoti a umbanda, zolemba za apolisi, ndi zidziwitso zina zoyenera, ma aligorivimu amatha kuzindikira machitidwe ndi machitidwe omwe angakhale ovuta kuti anthu azindikire. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito AI popewa umbanda kumadzutsa mafunso ofunikira komanso othandiza. 

    Zoneneratu za apolisi

    Apolisi olosera amagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zaupandu wakumaloko ndi ma algorithms kulosera komwe milandu ingachitike. Apolisi ena asinthanso ukadaulo uwu kuti athe kulosera za zivomezi zomwe zidzachitike pambuyo pa zivomezi kuti adziwe malo omwe apolisi ayenera kulondera pafupipafupi kuti aletse umbanda. Kupatula pa “malo opezeka anthu ambiri,” chatekinolojeyi imagwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zakumangidwa kwanuko kuti zizindikire mtundu wa munthu yemwe angapalamula milandu. 

    Geolitica (omwe kale ankadziwika kuti PredPol), omwe ukadaulo wake ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe angapo azamalamulo ku US, akuti achotsa gawo la mpikisano m'ma dataset awo kuti athetse apolisi ochulukirapo amitundu. Komabe, kafukufuku wina wodziyimira pawokha wopangidwa ndi tsamba laukadaulo la Gizmodo ndi bungwe lofufuza The Citizen Lab adapeza kuti ma algorithms amalimbitsa tsankho motsutsana ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

    Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu ya apolisi yomwe inagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira kuti ndi ndani amene angakhale pachiopsezo chochita nawo zachiwawa zokhudzana ndi mfuti inatsutsidwa pambuyo podziwika kuti 85 peresenti ya anthu omwe anadziwika kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu anali amuna a ku America Achimereka, ena omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu. palibe mbiri yakale yachiwawa. Pulogalamuyi, yotchedwa Strategic Subject List, idawunikidwa mu 2017 pomwe a Chicago Sun-Times adapeza ndikusindikiza nkhokwe pamndandandawo. Chochitikachi chikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa kukondera pakugwiritsa ntchito AI pakutsata malamulo komanso kufunika koganizira mosamala za zoopsa zomwe zingachitike musanagwiritse ntchito machitidwewa.

    Zosokoneza

    Pali zopindulitsa zina zaupolisi wolosera ngati wachita bwino. Kupewa zaupandu ndi mwayi waukulu, monga zatsimikiziridwa ndi dipatimenti ya apolisi ku Los Angeles, yomwe idati ma algorithms awo adachepetsa 19 peresenti yakuba m'malo omwe adawonetsedwa. Phindu lina ndilopanga zisankho pogwiritsa ntchito manambala, pomwe deta imayang'anira machitidwe, osati kukondera kwaumunthu. 

    Komabe, otsutsa akugogomezera kuti chifukwa zolembazi zimachokera ku dipatimenti ya apolisi ya m'deralo, yomwe inali ndi mbiri yomanga anthu amitundu yambiri (makamaka aku Africa-America ndi Latin America), machitidwewa akungosonyeza kukondera komwe kulipo kutsutsana ndi maderawa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Gizmodo pogwiritsa ntchito deta yochokera ku Geolitica ndi mabungwe angapo azamalamulo, zolosera za Geolitica zimatsanzira zochitika zenizeni za apolisi ndi kuzindikira madera a Black ndi Latino, ngakhale anthu omwe ali m'maguluwa omwe alibe mbiri yomangidwa. 

    Mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe awonetsa kukhudzidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zapolisi zolosera popanda ulamuliro wabwino ndi ndondomeko zowongolera. Ena amanena kuti "zodetsa zonyansa" (ziwerengero zopezedwa kudzera muzochita zakatangale ndi zoletsedwa) zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuseri kwa ma aligorivimuwa, ndipo mabungwe omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito akubisa izi ku "tech-washing" (akunena kuti ukadaulo uwu ndi cholinga chifukwa palibe kulowererapo kwa anthu).

    Chitsutso china chomwe apolisi olosera amakumana nacho ndikuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti anthu amvetsetse momwe ma aligorivimuwa amagwirira ntchito. Kusachita zinthu momveka bwino kumeneku kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mabungwe azamalamulo aziyankha zisankho zomwe amapanga potengera zomwe zanenedweratu za machitidwewa. Chifukwa chake, mabungwe ambiri omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe akufuna kuletsa umisiri wapolisi wolosera, makamaka ukadaulo wozindikira nkhope. 

    Zotsatira za upolisi wolosera

    Zotsatira zochulukira zaupolisi wolosera zitha kukhala:

    • Ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi magulu osasankhidwa akukakamiza ndikubweza kutsutsana ndi kufala kwa apolisi olosera, makamaka m'madera amitundu.
    • Kukakamizika kuti boma likhazikitse ndondomeko yoyang'anira kapena dipatimenti kuti achepetse momwe apolisi amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Malamulo amtsogolo atha kukakamiza apolisi kuti agwiritse ntchito mbiri ya nzika yopanda tsankho kuchokera kwa anthu ena ovomerezedwa ndi boma kuti aphunzitse njira zawo zachitetezo zolosera zaupolisi.
    • Mabungwe ambiri azamalamulo padziko lonse lapansi amadalira mtundu wina wapolisi wolosera kuti athandizire njira zawo zolondera.
    • Maboma aboma omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosinthidwa ya ma aligorivimuwa kulosera ndi kupewa zionetsero za nzika ndi zisokonezo zina zapagulu.
    • Maiko ochulukirapo omwe amaletsa matekinoloje ozindikiritsa nkhope m'mabungwe awo oteteza malamulo mokakamizidwa ndi anthu.
    • Kuwonjezeka kwa milandu yolimbana ndi apolisi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika ma aligorivimu zomwe zidapangitsa kuti amangidwe mopanda lamulo kapena molakwika.

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Mukuganiza kuti apolisi olosera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito?
    • Kodi mukuganiza kuti ma aligorivimu akulosera apolisi asintha bwanji momwe chilungamo chimagwiritsidwira ntchito?

    Maumboni anzeru

    Maulalo otsatirawa otchuka ndi mabungwe adanenedwa kuti adziwe izi:

    Brennan Center for Justice Apolisi Olosera Akufotokozedwa