Bakiteriya ndi CO2: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za mabakiteriya odya mpweya

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Bakiteriya ndi CO2: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za mabakiteriya odya mpweya

Bakiteriya ndi CO2: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za mabakiteriya odya mpweya

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Asayansi akupanga njira zomwe zimalimbikitsa mabakiteriya kuti atenge mpweya wambiri wa carbon kuchokera ku chilengedwe.
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • December 1, 2022

    Chidule cha chidziwitso

    Luso loyamwa mpweya wa algae litha kukhala chida chofunikira kwambiri pochepetsa kusintha kwanyengo. Asayansi akhala akuphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali njira yachilengedweyi yochepetsera mpweya wotenthetsa dziko komanso kupanga mafuta oteteza zachilengedwe. Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za chitukukochi zingaphatikizepo kafukufuku wochuluka pa matekinoloje ogwidwa ndi carbon ndi kugwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga kuti awononge kukula kwa mabakiteriya.

    Mabakiteriya ndi CO2 nkhani

    Pali njira zingapo zochotsera mpweya woipa (CO2) mumlengalenga; komabe, kulekanitsa mtsinje wa carbon ku mpweya wina ndi zoipitsa ndi ndalama. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikukulitsa mabakiteriya, monga algae, omwe amapanga mphamvu kudzera mu photosynthesis pogwiritsa ntchito CO2, madzi, ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Asayansi akhala akuyesa njira zosinthira mphamvuyi kukhala mafuta achilengedwe. 

    Mu 2007, bungwe la CO2 Solutions la ku Canada la Quebec City linapanga mtundu wa mabakiteriya a E. coli opangidwa ndi majini omwe amapanga ma enzyme kuti adye carbon ndikusintha kukhala bicarbonate, yomwe ilibe vuto. Chothandizira ndi gawo la bioreactor system yomwe ingakulitsidwe kuti igwire mpweya wochokera ku mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyaka.

    Kuyambira pamenepo, ukadaulo ndi kafukufuku zapita patsogolo. Mu 2019, kampani yaku US Hypergiant Industries idapanga Eos Bioreactor. Chidachi ndi 3 x 3 x 7 mapazi (90 x 90 x 210 cm) kukula kwake. Amapangidwa kuti aziyika m'matauni momwe amakoka ndikuchotsa kaboni kuchokera mumlengalenga pomwe akupanga ma biofuel oyera omwe atha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wanyumba. 

    Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito algae, mtundu womwe umadziwika kuti Chlorella Vulgaris, ndipo akuti umatenga mpweya wambiri wa CO2 kuposa mbewu ina iliyonse. Algae amamera mkati mwa chubu ndi posungira mkati mwa chipangizocho, chodzaza ndi mpweya komanso kuwala kochita kupanga, zomwe zimapatsa mbewu zomwe zimafunikira kuti zikule ndikupanga ma biofuel kuti asonkhanitse. Malinga ndi Hypergiant Industries, Eos Bioreactor ndi yogwira ntchito nthawi 400 pakugwira mpweya kuposa mitengo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha pulogalamu yophunzirira makina yomwe imayang'anira momwe ndere zikukulira, kuphatikiza kuyang'anira kuwala, kutentha, ndi pH mlingo kuti zitheke.

    Zosokoneza

    Zida zamafakitale, monga acetone ndi isopropanol (IPA), zili ndi msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wopitilira $ 10 biliyoni USD. Acetone ndi isopropanol ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso antiseptic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndiwo maziko a imodzi mwazinthu ziwiri zovomerezeka za World Health Organisation (WHO) zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino motsutsana ndi SARS-CoV-2. Acetone ndiwosungunuliranso ma polima ambiri ndi ulusi wopangira, utomoni wopatulira wa polyester, zida zoyeretsera, ndi chochotsera misomali. Chifukwa cha kupanga kwambiri, mankhwalawa ndi ena mwa omwe amatulutsa mpweya waukulu kwambiri.

    Mu 2022, ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya Northwestern University ku Illinois adagwirizana ndi kampani yobwezeretsanso mpweya wa Lanza Tech kuti awone momwe mabakiteriya angawonongere zinyalala za CO2 ndikusintha kukhala mankhwala ofunikira amakampani. Ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira biology kupanganso bakiteriya, Clostridium autoethanogenum (yomwe idapangidwa poyambirira ku LanzaTech), kuti acetone ndi IPA zikhale zokhazikika kudzera mu nayonso mphamvu ya mpweya.

    Tekinolojeyi imachotsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha m'mlengalenga ndipo sagwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyaka kale kupanga mankhwala. Kusanthula kwa moyo wa gululi kunasonyeza kuti nsanja ya carbon-negative, ngati itavomerezedwa pamlingo waukulu, imatha kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi 160 peresenti poyerekeza ndi njira zina. Magulu ofufuza akuyembekeza kuti mitundu yopangidwa ndi fermentation idzatha kukula. Asayansi angagwiritsenso ntchito njirayi kupanga njira zofulumira popanga mankhwala ena ofunikira.

    Zotsatira za mabakiteriya ndi CO2

    Zotsatira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito mabakiteriya kuti agwire CO2 zingaphatikizepo: 

    • Makampani omwe ali m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana olemera omwe amapanga makampani opanga ma bioengineer algae omwe amatha kukhala apadera kuti agwiritse ntchito ndikusintha zinyalala zamafuta ndi zida zochokera kumakampani opanga, kuti achepetse kutulutsa kwa CO2/kuipitsa komanso kupanga zopangira zowononga zopindulitsa. 
    • Kafukufuku wochulukirapo komanso ndalama zothandizira njira zachilengedwe zogwirira mpweya wa carbon.
    • Makampani ena opanga zinthu omwe amalumikizana ndi makampani opanga ma carbon-capture tech kuti asinthe kupita ku matekinoloje obiriwira ndikutolera kuchotsera msonkho wa kaboni.
    • Zoyamba zambiri ndi mabungwe omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kuchotsedwa kwa kaboni kudzera munjira zamoyo, kuphatikiza feteleza wachitsulo cha m'nyanja ndi kukwera mitengo.
    • Kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje ophunzirira makina kuti athandizire kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndikuwonjezera zotuluka.
    • Maboma ogwirizana ndi mabungwe ofufuza kuti apeze mabakiteriya ena olanda mpweya kuti akwaniritse malonjezo awo a zero pofika 2050.

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Ubwino winanso wotani wogwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe pothana ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni?
    • Kodi dziko lanu likulimbana bwanji ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni?

    Maumboni anzeru

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