Neuro-symbolic AI: Makina omwe amatha kuthana ndi malingaliro ndi kuphunzira

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• April 13, 2023

Kuphunzira kwamakina (ML) nthawi zonse kwakhala ukadaulo wodalirika wokhala ndi zovuta zake zapadera, koma ofufuza akuyang'ana kuti apange dongosolo lokhazikika lomwe limapitilira deta yayikulu. Machitidwe ozikidwa pamalingaliro amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi zophiphiritsa ndi kulingalira, zomwe zingapereke njira yowonekera komanso yomveka yomvetsetsa ndondomeko yopangira zisankho. 

Nkhani ya Neuro-symbolic AI

Neuro-symbolic AI (yomwe imatchedwanso kompositi AI) imaphatikiza nthambi ziwiri za nzeru zopangapanga (AI). Choyamba ndi AI yophiphiritsira, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro kumvetsetsa maubwenzi ndi malamulo (ie, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu). Kuti AI yophiphiritsa igwire ntchito, maziko azidziwitso ayenera kukhala olondola, atsatanetsatane, komanso okwanira. Chofunikira ichi chikutanthauza kuti sichingaphunzire palokha ndipo zimadalira ukatswiri wa anthu kuti apitirize kukonzanso maziko a chidziwitso. 

Chigawo china cha neuro-symbolic AI ndi ma neural network (maukonde akuya) kapena kuphunzira mozama (DL). Tekinoloje iyi imagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zingapo zomwe zimatsanzira ma neuron a muubongo wamunthu kuti adziphunzitse okha kukonza zosungira zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, maukonde akuya amatha kudutsa zithunzi zosiyanasiyana za amphaka ndi agalu kuti adziwe bwino chomwe ndi chiyani, ndipo amatha kusintha pakapita nthawi. Komabe, zomwe maukonde akuya sangathe kuchita ndikukonza maubwenzi ovuta. Pophatikiza AI yophiphiritsa ndi maukonde akuya, ofufuza amagwiritsa ntchito DL kuti awononge deta yambiri mu chidziwitso, pambuyo pake AI yophiphiritsira ikhoza kusokoneza kapena kuzindikira malamulo ndi maubwenzi. Kuphatikiza uku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chidziwitso chokwanira komanso cholondola komanso kupanga zisankho.

Gawo lina lomwe ma adilesi a neuro-symbolic AI ndi njira yophunzitsira yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, maukonde akuya amatha kukhala okhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwakung'ono kwa data, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zolakwika zamagulu. Amavutikanso ndi kulingalira kosamveka komanso kuyankha mafunso popanda zambiri zamaphunziro. Kuphatikiza apo, momwe ma network amagwirira ntchito ndizovuta komanso zovuta kuti anthu amvetsetse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutanthauzira malingaliro omwe amalosera.

Zosokoneza

Ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya Stanford adachita kafukufuku woyambirira wa AI yophatikizika pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za 100,000 zamawonekedwe oyambira a 3D (mabwalo, mabwalo, masilindala, ndi zina zambiri.) Kenako adagwiritsa ntchito mafunso osiyanasiyana pophunzitsa wosakanizidwayo kuti azitha kusanthula deta ndi maubale oyerekeza (mwachitsanzo, ma cubes ali ofiira? ). Adapeza kuti neuro-symbolic AI imatha kuyankha mafunsowa molondola 98.9 peresenti ya nthawiyo. Kuphatikiza apo, wosakanizidwa amangofunika 10 peresenti ya data yophunzitsira kuti apange mayankho. 

Popeza zizindikiro kapena malamulo amawongolera maukonde akuya, ochita kafukufuku amatha kuona mosavuta momwe "amaphunzirira" komanso komwe kusweka kumachitika. Poyamba, ichi chakhala chimodzi mwa zofooka za maukonde akuya, kulephera kutsatiridwa chifukwa cha zigawo ndi zigawo za ma code ovuta ndi ma algorithms. Neuro-symbolic AI ikuyesedwa m'magalimoto oyendetsa okha kuti azindikire zinthu zomwe zili pamsewu ndi kusintha kulikonse kwa chilengedwe. Kenako amaphunzitsidwa kuchitapo kanthu moyenera pazinthu zakunja izi. 

Komabe, pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana ngati kuphatikiza kwa AI yophiphiritsa ndi maukonde akuya ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yopitira ku AI yapamwamba kwambiri. Ofufuza ena, monga a ku yunivesite ya Brown, amakhulupirira kuti njira yosakanizidwa imeneyi ingafanane ndi kulingalira kosamveka komwe maganizo a anthu amapeza. Malingaliro aumunthu amatha kupanga zophiphiritsa za zinthu ndikuchita mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kulingalira pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro izi, pogwiritsa ntchito ma neural neural network, osasowa chophiphiritsa chodzipatulira. Akatswiri ena amatsutsa kuti njira zina, monga kuwonjezera zinthu pamaukonde akuya omwe amatsanzira luso la anthu, zitha kukhala zogwira mtima pakukulitsa luso la AI.

Mapulogalamu a neuro-symbolic AI

Ntchito zina za neuro-symbolic AI zingaphatikizepo:

• Mabotolo, monga ma chatbots, omwe amatha kumvetsetsa bwino malamulo a anthu ndi zolimbikitsa, kupanga mayankho olondola ndi mautumiki.
• Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake muzochitika zovuta kwambiri komanso zovuta zothetsera mavuto monga matenda, kukonzekera chithandizo, ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala. Ukadaulowu ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kufulumizitsa kafukufuku wasayansi ndiukadaulo wamagawo monga mayendedwe, mphamvu, ndi kupanga. 
• Makina opangira zisankho omwe pakali pano amafunikira kuweruza kwamunthu. Zotsatira zake, kugwiritsa ntchito kotereku kungayambitse kutayika kwa chifundo ndi kuyankha pazinthu zina monga ntchito yamakasitomala.
• Zida zanzeru zowonjezera komanso zothandizira zenizeni zomwe zimatha kukonza zochitika zosiyanasiyana, monga kuteteza magetsi mwachangu komanso kukhazikitsa njira zotetezera.
• Mafunso atsopano okhudza zamakhalidwe ndi zamalamulo, monga nkhani zachinsinsi, umwini, ndi udindo.
• Kupititsa patsogolo zisankho m'boma ndi ndale zina. Ukadaulowu utha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukopa malingaliro a anthu kudzera kutsatsa komwe akuwunikiridwa kwambiri komanso kupanga zotsatsa zamunthu payekha komanso media.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti AI ya neuro-symbolic ingakhudze bwanji moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku?
• Kodi luso limeneli lingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji m’mafakitale ena?