Malamulo osakhulupirira: Kuyesa padziko lonse lapansi kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu za Big Tech

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• January 6, 2023

Kwa nthawi yayitali, andale ndi akuluakulu aboma awonetsa nkhawa zakuchulukira kwa Big Tech, kuphatikiza kuthekera kwamakampani kutengera zambiri. Mabungwewa amathanso kuyika mikhalidwe kwa omwe akupikisana nawo ndipo amakhala ndi maudindo awiri ngati otenga nawo gawo papulatifomu komanso eni ake. Kuwunika kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwatsala pang'ono kukulirakulira pomwe Big Tech ikupitiliza kukulitsa chikoka chosayerekezeka.

Antitrust nkhani

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 2000, gawo laukadaulo pamsika uliwonse wamdera komanso wapakhomo lakhala likulamulidwa ndi makampani ochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, machitidwe awo abizinesi ayamba kukhudza anthu, osati potengera makonda ogula, komanso mawonekedwe adziko lapansi omwe amawulutsidwa pa intaneti komanso kudzera pawailesi yakanema. Kale zomwe zimaganiziridwa zatsopano zomwe zidapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wabwino, ena tsopano akuwona kuti zogulitsa ndi ntchito za Big Tech ndi zoyipa zomwe zili ndi opikisana nawo ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, Apple idagunda mtengo wa $3 thililiyoni mu Januware 2022, kukhala kampani yoyamba kuchita izi. Pamodzi ndi Microsoft, Google, Amazon, ndi Meta, makampani asanu akuluakulu aukadaulo aku US tsopano ali ndi ndalama zokwana $10 thililiyoni. 

Komabe, pamene Amazon, Apple, Meta, ndi Google akuwoneka kuti ali ndi mphamvu pa moyo wa anthu watsiku ndi tsiku, akukumana ndi milandu yowonjezereka, malamulo a federal/boma, zochitika zapadziko lonse, komanso kusakhulupirirana kwa anthu pofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu zawo. Mwachitsanzo, oyang'anira a Biden a 2022 akukonzekera kufufuza kuphatikizika ndi kupezeka kwamtsogolo m'malo momwe msika wamsika waukadaulo ukukulirakulira. Pakhala pali gulu lomwe likukulirakulirapo kuti litsutse ma titans awa poyesa ndi kulimbikitsa malamulo odana ndi kudalirana. Opanga malamulo apanga malamulo angapo osagwirizana ndi Nyumba ndi Senate. Akuluakulu a boma la Republican ndi Democratic alowa nawo milandu yotsutsana ndi makampaniwa, zonena kuti alibe mpikisano, komanso akufuna kuwongolera zachuma ndi zomangamanga. Pakalipano, Federal Trade Commission ndi Dipatimenti Yachilungamo ali okonzeka kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima oletsa kukhulupilira.

Zosokoneza

Tekinoloje yayikulu ikudziwa kuchuluka kwa otsutsa omwe akufuna kuti aphwanyidwe, ndipo ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonse zazinthu zawo zopanda malire kuti athane ndi vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, Apple, Google, ndi ena awononga USD $95 miliyoni kuyesa kuyimitsa bilu yomwe ingawalepheretse kukondera ntchito zawo. Kuyambira 2021, makampani a Big Tech akhala akulimbikitsana motsutsana ndi American Choice and Innovation Act. 

Mu 2022, European Union (EU) idatengera Digital Services Act ndi Digital Markets Act. Malamulo awiriwa adzayika malamulo okhwima kwa akuluakulu aukadaulo, omwe angafunikire kuletsa ogula kuti apeze zinthu zoletsedwa ndi zabodza. Kuphatikiza apo, chindapusa chokwera mpaka 10 peresenti ya ndalama zapachaka zitha kuperekedwa ngati nsanja zipezeka kuti ndi olakwa pakukondera zinthu zawo.

Pakadali pano, China idalibe vuto kusokoneza gawo lake laukadaulo pakati pa 2020-22, ndi zimphona ngati Ali Baba ndi Tencent akumva mphamvu zonse zamalamulo osagwirizana ndi Beijing. Kuwonongekaku kudapangitsa kuti osunga ndalama padziko lonse lapansi agulitse masheya aku China ambiri. Komabe, akatswiri ena amawona kuphwanya malamulowa kukhala kolimbikitsa kupikisana kwanthawi yayitali kwa gawo laukadaulo waku China. 

Zotsatira za malamulo a antitrust

Zotsatira zambiri zamalamulo odana ndi trust zingaphatikizepo: 

• Opanga mfundo aku US akukumana ndi zovuta pakuphwanya Big Tech popeza palibe malamulo okwanira oletsa mpikisano wosagwirizana.
• EU ndi Europe akutsogolera nkhondo yolimbana ndi zida zaukadaulo zapadziko lonse lapansi popanga ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kudalirana komanso kukulitsa chitetezo cha ogula. Malamulowa adzakhudza mosalunjika ntchito zamakampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana okhala ku US.
• China ikukulitsa kugwa kwake kwaukadaulo, koma makampani ake aukadaulo sangakhalenso chimodzimodzi, kuphatikiza kupeza mtengo womwewo womwe udali nawo kale.
• Big Tech ikupitilizabe kuyika ndalama mwankhanza kwa olimbikitsa anthu omwe amatsutsana ndi mabilu omwe angalepheretse njira zawo zachuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuphatikizana kwambiri.
• Zoyambira zodalirika zomwe zimagulidwa ndi makampani akuluakulu kuti aphatikize zatsopano zawo muzachilengedwe za Big Tech. Chizoloŵezi chopitilira ichi chidzadalira kupambana kwa malamulo oletsa kukhulupilira m'nyumba ndi utsogoleri pa msika uliwonse wapadziko lonse.

Mafunso oti muyankhepo

• Kodi ntchito zazikulu zaukadaulo ndi zogulitsa zalamulira bwanji moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku?
• Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe maboma angachite kuti awonetsetse kuti luso laukadaulo lalikulu silikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake molakwika?