Mapepala a Pandora: Kodi kutayikira kwakukulu kwambiri kumtunda kungayambitse kusintha kosatha?

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• June 16, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Mapepala a Pandora achotsa chinsalu pazachinsinsi zazachuma zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zikukhudza magulu osiyanasiyana a atsogoleri apadziko lonse lapansi ndi akuluakulu aboma. Mavumbulutsidwawa akulitsa mikangano yokhudzana ndi kusalingana kwa ndalama ndi machitidwe azachuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa malamulo. Pakati pazovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi ngati mliri wa COVID-19, kutayikiraku kungayambitse kulimbikira kwa akatswiri azachuma komanso kulimbikitsa njira zatsopano zama digito kuti azindikire kubera ndalama komanso kuzemba misonkho.

Zolemba za Pandora

Mapepala a Pandora a 2021 adakhala ngati gawo laposachedwa kwambiri pazachuma zambiri zakunyanja, kutsatira Panama Papers mu 2016 ndi Paradise Papers mu 2017. Adatulutsidwa mu Okutobala 2021 ndi a Washington-based International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), the Pandora Papers anali ndi mafayilo opitilira 11.9 miliyoni. Mafayilowa sanali zikalata chabe; anali zolemba zokonzedwa bwino kuchokera kumakampani 14 akunyanja okhazikika pakupanga makampani a zipolopolo. Cholinga chachikulu cha makampani a zipolopolowa ndi kubisa katundu wa makasitomala awo omwe ali olemera kwambiri, kuwateteza kuti asawafufuze komanso, nthawi zina, udindo wawo walamulo.

Mapepala a Pandora sanasankhe anthu omwe adawawulula. Kutulutsaku kudakhudza anthu ambiri, kuphatikiza atsogoleri 35 apano komanso akale padziko lonse lapansi, andale komanso akuluakulu a boma oposa 330 ochokera m'maiko ndi madera osiyanasiyana 91. Mndandandawu unafikiranso kwa anthu othawa kwawo ndi anthu omwe anapezeka ndi milandu yoopsa monga kupha munthu. Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti chidziwitsocho ndi cholondola komanso chodalirika, ICIJ inagwirizana ndi gulu lalikulu la atolankhani a 600 ochokera ku 150 padziko lonse lapansi. Atolankhaniwa adafufuza mozama za mafayilo omwe adatsitsidwa, ndikumalumikizana ndi magwero ena odalirika asanafotokozere zomwe adapeza.

Zotsatira zamagulu a Pandora Papers ndizofika patali. Choyamba, kutayikirako kwakulitsa mkangano womwe ukupitirirabe wokhudza kusalingana kwa ndalama komanso udindo wa anthu olemera. Zimayambitsanso mafunso okhudza ntchito ya machitidwe azachuma akunyanja popititsa patsogolo kusalingana komanso kupatsa mwayi ntchito zosaloledwa. Makampani angafunike kuunikanso kachitidwe kawo kazachuma kuti awonetsetse kuti akuwonetsetsa kuti akuwonetsetsa kuti akuwonetsetsa kuti ndi abwino komanso amakhalidwe abwino, pomwe maboma angaganizire kukonzanso malamulo amisonkho kuti atseke ming'alu yomwe imalola chinsinsi chachuma chotere.

Zosokoneza

Kutulutsaku kungawononge kwambiri andale omwe akufuna kusankhidwanso. Chitsanzo ndi Andrej Babiš, yemwe anali nduna yaikulu ya dziko la Czech Republic. Adakumana ndi mafunso okhudza chifukwa chomwe kampani yosungira ndalama zakunja idapeza chateau yake ya USD $ 22 miliyoni ku France m'malo mwake panthawi yomwe nzika zaku Czech zidapirira kukwera mtengo.  

Kubisa katundu ndi ndalama kudzera m'makampani akunyanja omwe amakhala m'malo amisonkho monga Switzerland, Cayman Islands, ndi Singapore ndi njira yokhazikika. ICIJ ikuyerekeza kuti ndalama zakunyanja zomwe zimakhala m'malo amisonkho zimachokera ku USD $ 5.6 thililiyoni mpaka $ 32 thililiyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi $ 600 biliyoni yamisonkho imatayika chaka chilichonse kudzera mwa anthu olemera omwe amayika chuma chawo m'makampani akunyanja. 

Kafukufukuyu adachitika pa mliri wa COVID-19 pomwe maboma adatenga ngongole kuti agulire katemera wa anthu awo ndikuyambitsa zolimbikitsa zachuma kuti zithandizire chuma chawo, mtengo womwe umaperekedwa kwa anthu wamba. Poyankha kafukufukuyu, opanga malamulo ku US Congress adakhazikitsa lamulo lotchedwa ENABLERS Act mu 2021. Lamuloli lifuna kuti maloya, alangizi a zandalama, ndi akauntanti, mwa ena, awonetsetse makasitomala awo mosamala momwe mabanki amachitira.

Zotsatira za kutayikira kwa misonkho yakunyanja

Zotsatira zakuchulukira kwa misonkho yakunyanja (monga mapepala a Pandora) kuwululidwa zingaphatikizepo:

• Malamulo owonjezereka akulinganizidwa kuti athetse kuba ndalama za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kuzemba msonkho.
• Zotsatira zazamalamulo ndi zachuma zomwe zingachitike kumakampani azachuma omwe akhudzidwa ndi njira zozemba misonkho. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani azachuma angakakamize kutsutsana ndi malamulo okhwima oletsa kubera ndalama komanso kuzemba misonkho kuti achepetse kutayika kwachuma komanso chiwopsezo chazamalamulo.
• Makampani akunyanja amasamutsa maakaunti awo kupita kumakampani / malo ena akunyanja kuti asadziwike.  
• Atolankhani ndi anthu ochita zachiwembu azidzagwirizana kwambiri kuti aphwanye nkhani zovuta zomwe zimakhudza kutulutsa kwazinthu zovuta.
• Mabizinesi atsopano a fintech akulimbikitsidwa kuti apange mayankho a digito omwe angathandize makampani azachuma ndi mabungwe kuti azizindikira bwino kubera ndalama komanso kuzemba misonkho.
• Andale ndi atsogoleri adziko omwe ali ndi zotulukapo zake, monga kuwononga mbiri, pazachuma, zomwe zingakhudze momwe malamulo amatsatiridwa.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Mukuganiza kuti kuchucha kwachuma kwamtunduwu kudzakhala kochulukira bwanji?
• Ndi malamulo owonjezera ati omwe mukuganiza kuti ndi ofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino maakaunti apolisi akunyanja?