Mitengo Yopanga: Kodi tingathandize chilengedwe kukhala chogwira ntchito bwino?

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 8, 2021

Mitengo yochita kupanga imatha kutulutsa mpweya wochuluka wa carbon dioxide (CO2) kuchokera mumlengalenga, kupitirira mitengo yachilengedwe ndi malire. Ngakhale amabwera ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri, mtengo wake ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi kukweza bwino, ndipo kuyika kwawo m'matauni kungawongolere mpweya wabwino. Komabe, ndikofunikira kulinganiza njira yaukadauloyi ndi kuyesetsa kosalekeza kubzalanso nkhalango ndi njira zokhazikika zopangira, kuwonetsetsa kuti njira yoteteza zachilengedwe ikuyendera.

Mitengo yochita kupanga

Lingaliro la mitengo yopangira kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo linayambika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 ndi Klaus Lackner, pulofesa wa zomangamanga ku yunivesite ya Arizona State. Mapangidwe a Lackner anali makina otha kutulutsa pafupifupi matani 32 a CO2 kuchokera mumlengalenga, kupitilira mtengo uliwonse wachilengedwe ndi 1,000. Komabe, mavuto azachuma a dongosolo lotereli ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndipo kuyerekezera kumasonyeza kuti mtengo umodzi wokha ukhoza kuwononga kulikonse pakati pa USD $30,000 mpaka $100,000. Lackner akukhulupirira kuti ngati njira yopangirayo ingachulukitsidwe bwino, ndalamazi zitha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.

Mu 2019, woyambitsa waku Mexico wotchedwa BioUrban adayika mtengo wake woyamba ku Puebla City. Kampaniyi yapanga mtengo wamakina womwe umagwiritsa ntchito ma microalgae kuti amwe CO2, njira yomwe akuti imagwira ntchito ngati mitengo yeniyeni 368. Mtengo wa umodzi mwa mitengo yopangirayi ndi pafupifupi USD $50,000. Ntchito yochita upainiya ya BioUrban ikuyimira patsogolo kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamitengo yopangira.

Ngati mitengo yochita kupanga ikhala njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo, imatha kutenga gawo lalikulu pochepetsa zovuta zakusintha kwanyengo. Mafakitale omwe amathandizira kwambiri pakutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni, monga kupanga ndi zoyendetsa, atha kuthetsa kukhudzidwa kwawo ndi chilengedwe poika ndalama muukadaulo uwu. Kuwonjezera apo, misika ya ntchito inatha kusintha, ndi maudindo atsopano pakupanga, kukonza, ndi kusamalira mitengo yopangira imeneyi.

Zosokoneza

BioUrban inanena kuti mitengo yopangira sinapangidwe kuti ilowe m'malo mwachilengedwe koma m'malo mwake imawonjezera m'matauni okhala ndi malo ochepa obiriwira. Mwachitsanzo, okonza mapulani a mizinda angaphatikizepo mitengo yochita kupanga m’mapangidwe a mizinda, kuiika m’malo abwino kwambiri, monga ngati mphambano za anthu ambiri, m’madera a mafakitale, kapena malo okhalamo anthu ambiri. Njirayi ingayambitse kuchepa kwa matenda opuma ndi zina zaumoyo zokhudzana ndi mpweya woipa.

Kuthekera kwa mitengo yopangira kupanga kutulutsa pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya CO2 yonse yomwe imatulutsidwa mchaka chimodzi ndi chiyembekezo chosangalatsa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti kupanga mitengoyi kukhale kokhazikika ndipo sikuthandizira ku vuto lomwe akufuna kuthetsa. Makampani amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, monga mphamvu ya dzuwa kapena mphepo, popanga kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya wawo. Maboma atha kulimbikitsa mchitidwe woterewu popereka ndalama zopumira misonkho kapena ndalama zothandizira makampani omwe akutenga njira zokhazikika zopangira. 

Kulinganiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitengo yochita kupanga ndi kugwetsanso nkhalango mosalekeza ndi mbali ina yofunika kuilingalira. Ngakhale mitengo yopangira ingathandize kwambiri kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon m'matauni, siingathe kulowa m'malo mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo ndi zachilengedwe zoperekedwa ndi nkhalango zachilengedwe. Choncho, maboma ndi mabungwe a zachilengedwe ayenera kupitiriza kuika patsogolo ntchito zobzala nkhalango. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lina la phindu la kugulitsa mitengo yochita kupanga likhoza kuperekedwa kuti lithandizire ntchito yobzalanso nkhalango. Njirayi idzaonetsetsa kuti pakhale njira yothetsera vuto la kusintha kwa nyengo, kuphatikiza luso lamakono ndi zoyesayesa zachikhalidwe zotetezera.

Zotsatira za mitengo yopangira

Zowonjezereka za mitengo yopangira zingaphatikizepo:

• Maboma amafuna kuti mitengo yochita kupanga ingapo “ibzalidwe” m’mizinda kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino.
• Makampani amathandizira kukhazikitsa mitengo yopangira pamodzi ndi kubzala mitengo yachikhalidwe monga njira yoyendetsera ntchito zamakampani.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo pogwiritsira ntchito mitengo yamakina.
• Kuyamikira kwatsopano kwa malingaliro a chilengedwe pakati pa anthu okhala mumzinda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala osamala zachilengedwe omwe amayamikira ndi kulimbikitsa moyo wokhazikika.
• Kuyika ndalama zambiri muukadaulo wobiriwira kukupanga msika watsopano womwe umayang'ana kwambiri zothetsera zachilengedwe.
• Kusagwirizana pakupeza mpweya wabwino womwe umatsogolera kumayendedwe a anthu omwe amalimbikitsa kugawa kofanana kwa matekinolojewa kuti atsimikizire chilungamo cha chilengedwe.
• Kupititsa patsogolo kwatsopano mu kujambula ndi kusunga kwa carbon kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zowonjezera komanso zotsika mtengo zothana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
• Kufunika kwa njira zopangira zokhazikika komanso kasamalidwe ka nthawi yomaliza kuti tipewe kuchuluka kwa zinyalala.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mungalole kuyika mitengo yabodza mumzinda wanu? Chifukwa chiyani?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti zotsatira za nthawi yayitali zopanga mitengo yomangika ndi zotani?