Nyama yolimidwa: Kuthetsa mafamu a ziweto

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• September 5, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Nyama yobzalidwa, yomwe imakula m'ma lab kuchokera ku maselo a nyama, imapereka njira yokhazikika komanso yodalirika kusiyana ndi ulimi wa nyama. Imapewa kupha nyama ndipo imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ngakhale kuti sinakhale yotsika mtengo kapena yovomerezeka kwambiri ngati nyama wamba. Ndi Singapore yomwe ikutsogolere kuvomereza kugulitsa malonda, maiko ena pang'onopang'ono akupita ku kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo, zomwe zingapangitse kusintha kwa chakudya chamtsogolo.

Chikhalidwe cha nyama yokhazikika

Nyama yolimidwa imapangidwa potenga maselo a nyama ndi kuwakulitsa pamalo olamulidwa ndi labotale osati pafamu. Makamaka, kuti apange nyama yolimidwa, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amakolola chidutswa cha minofu kuchokera ku ng'ombe kapena nkhuku kuti apange nyama yotukuka, kenako ayang'ane maselo omwe angachuluke. Kutoleretsa zitsanzo za ma cell kumachitika kudzera mu biopsy, kulekanitsa ma cell a dzira, ma cell a nyama omwe amalimidwa kale, kapena ma cell omwe amatengedwa kumabanki a cell. (Mabanki awa nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsidwa kuti akafufuze zachipatala ndi kupanga katemera.)

Chinthu chachiwiri ndicho kudziwa zakudya, mapulotini, ndi mavitamini amene maselo angagwiritse ntchito. Mofanana ndi momwe nkhuku yoweta imapezera maselo ndi zakudya kuchokera ku soya ndi chimanga zomwe zimadyetsedwa, maselo akutali amatha kuyamwa zakudya mu labu.

Ochita kafukufuku amanena kuti pali ubwino wambiri pa nyama yachitukuko:

1. Ndizokhazikika, zimafuna zipangizo zochepa, ndipo zimatulutsa mpweya wochepa.
2. Ndi yathanzi kuposa nyama yachikhalidwe chifukwa ilibe maantibayotiki kapena mahomoni okulitsa ndipo imatha kupangidwa kuti ikhale yopatsa thanzi.
3. Imachepetsa chiwopsezo komanso kufalikira kwa ma virus kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu, monga coronaviruses.
4. Ndipo amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri chifukwa samapha nyama kapena kusintha thupi lawo.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2010, pamene matekinoloje opangira nyama amakula, akatswiri azakudya zakudya adayamba kusiya mawu oti "nyama yolima labu." M'malo mwake, makampani omwe adatenga nawo gawo adayamba kulimbikitsa mawu ena, monga olimidwa, otukuka, opangidwa ndi cell, opangidwa ndi cell, kapena osapha, omwe amati ndi olondola. 

Zosokoneza

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2020, makampani ena apanga ndi kugulitsa nyama yolimidwa bwino, monga Mosa Meat yochokera ku Netherlands, yomwe imapanga nyama yang'ombe yolimidwa. Ngakhale kuti chitukuko cha nyama yosakanizidwa chapita patsogolo, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti malonda ambiri m'malesitilanti ndi m'masitolo akuluakulu ali kutali. Ofufuza ambiri amatsutsa kuti nyama yolimidwa sidzalowa m'malo mwa nyama zachikhalidwe mpaka pambuyo pa 2030.

Kuwonjezera apo, palibe malamulo apadziko lonse amene amayang’anira mmene nyama yolimidwa imapangidwira kapena kugaŵidwa; koma pofika chaka cha 2023, Singapore ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe lidavomereza nyama yopangidwa ndi maselo kuti igulitsidwe. Mu Novembala 2022, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) idatumiza kalata "yopanda mafunso" ku Upside Foods, kuwonetsa kuti woyang'anira amawona kuti nkhuku zopanga ma cell ndizotetezedwa kuti anthu azidya. Komabe, kupezeka kwenikweni kwa zinthuzi m’misika ya ku United States kukuyembekezerabe kuvomereza kwina kochokera ku Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi (USDA) kuti iwunikenso malo, zizindikiro zoyendera, ndi kulemba zilembo. 

Kupanga nyama yolimidwa sikungawononge ndalama zambiri chifukwa cha njira zake zokhazikika komanso zomwe zimapangidwira, zomwe zimawononga pafupifupi nyama zomwe zimalimidwa kale. Kuonjezera apo, nyama yolimidwa siingathe kubwereza kukoma kwa nyama yeniyeni, ngakhale kuti maonekedwe ndi ulusi wa nyama yolimidwa ndizokhutiritsa. Ngakhale zili zovuta izi, nyama yolimidwa ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika, yathanzi, komanso yakhalidwe labwino kuposa ulimi wamba. Ndipo malinga ndi gulu la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, makampani olima nyama amatha kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera mpweya wapadziko lonse lapansi kuchokera kumakampani opanga zakudya. 

Zotsatira za nyama zakutchire

Zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyama zakutchire zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kutsika mtengo kwambiri komanso kupezeka kwa nyama pofika kumapeto kwa 2030s. Nyama yokhazikika idzayimira ukadaulo wa deflationary mkati mwa gawo lazakudya. 
• Kuwonjezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ogula (mtundu wa ntchito za ogula zochokera pa lingaliro la kuvota kwa dola).
• Alimi amaika ndalama pamsika wazakudya zina ndikuwongoleranso chuma chawo kuti apange zakudya zopangira (monga nyama yopangira ndi mkaka).
• Makampani opanga zakudya komanso mabizinesi azakudya mwachangu amagulitsa pang'onopang'ono njira zina, matekinoloje a nyama, komanso malo. 
• Maboma omwe amalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale opanga zakudya pogwiritsa ntchito misonkho, ndalama zothandizira, ndi ndalama zofufuza.
• Kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon kumayiko omwe anthu ake amatengera zakudya zamtundu wa nyama.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Ndi zakudya zina ziti zopangira zomwe zingabwere mtsogolomo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje opangidwa mwaluso?
• Ndi maubwino ena ati omwe angakhalepo komanso kuopsa kosintha nyama yamtundu wina?