Organoids: Kupanga ziwalo zogwira ntchito kunja kwa thupi la munthu

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 12, 2021

Organoids, mitundu yaying'ono ya ziwalo zamunthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku maselo oyambira, akusintha gawo lazamankhwala popereka njira yosasokoneza yophunzirira matenda ndikuyesa chithandizo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta ting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta ting'ono tating'ono ta ting'ono tating'ono timene timathandizira ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofananira, timathandizira ochita kafukufuku kuti adziwe bwino za thupi la munthu komanso kukula kwa matenda. Komabe, monga ukadaulo wa organoid ukupita patsogolo, umadzutsa zovuta zatsopano, kuphatikiza kufunikira kwa malamulo oteteza zinsinsi zama genetic komanso kuthekera kokulirakulira kwa kusalingana kwaumoyo.

Mapangidwe a Organoids

Organoids, kwenikweni, ndi mitundu yaying'ono ya ziwalo zamunthu. Ndi magulu atatu aminofu, opangidwa mwaluso kuchokera ku maselo oyambira, omwe ndi zida za thupi, zomwe zimatha kupanga mtundu uliwonse wa selo. Ma organoid awa, ngakhale sanakwaniritsidwe, amatha kusinthika kukhala zinthu zomwe zimatsanzira kwambiri ziwalo zamunthu. 

Kuchita izi kumatheka pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo achibadwa m'maselo. Ngakhale ma organoids alibe zovuta zonse za ziwalo zenizeni za munthu, amapereka njira ina yophunzirira ziwalo zogwirira ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowononga kapena kuyesa anthu amoyo. Ochita kafukufuku ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza kuthekera kwa organoids ngati chida chothandizira kuzindikira mozama mu thupi la munthu komanso njira zopangira matenda. 

Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa 2022 wofalitsidwa m'magazini Nature adawonetsa momwe ma organoids aubongo angagwiritsire ntchito kuphunzira matenda amisempha monga Alzheimer's. Ofufuzawo adatha kuwonetsa momwe matendawa akupitira mu organoids, ndikupereka zidziwitso zofunikira pazaka zake zoyambirira. Kafukufuku wamtunduwu amatsimikizira kuthekera kwa ma organoids ngati chida champhamvu pakufufuza matenda ndikupeza mankhwala.

Phunziro la 2023 mu Hepatol Commun magazini inasonyeza kuti ma organoids a chiwindi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa mphamvu ya mankhwala a matenda a chiwindi, kuchepetsa kudalira kuyesa nyama. Izi sizimangopereka njira yabwino yoyezetsa mankhwala, komanso yolondola kwambiri, popeza ma organoids amatha kutengera kuyankha kwamunthu pamankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Zosokoneza

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma organoids pophunzira matenda osowa komanso kuchita maphunziro achire ndi njira yomwe ingakhale ndi zotsatira zanthawi yayitali pazamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, kutha "kukula" ubongo wa organoid womwe umatengera zochitika za neural, monga momwe ofufuza aku University of California Los Angeles mu 2021 adawonetsera, ndikupita patsogolo kwakukulu. Pamene teknoloji ikupitirirabe bwino, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti organoids adzatha kutsanzira ziwalo zina zovuta monga mtima. Kafukufuku wa 2022 wofalitsidwa mu malire adagwiritsa ntchito ma organoids a mtima kuti afufuze momwe matenda amtima akupitira, ndikupereka zidziwitso zatsopano pamayendedwe awo.

Muzamankhwala amunthu, ma organoids amatha kupangidwa kuchokera m'maselo enieni a munthu yemwe akudwala matenda osowa, kulola madokotala kuti aphunzire pafupi ndi chiwalo chomwe chakhudzidwa ndi wodwalayo. Komabe, izi zikugogomezeranso chimodzi mwazoletsa za organoids: kusowa kwa yunifolomu, malo osasinthika omwe amapangidwira. Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kwa ofufuza kuyerekeza zotsatira pamaphunziro osiyanasiyana. 

Maboma angafunike kuganizira za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ma organoids, makamaka omwe amatsanzira kwambiri ubongo wamunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, malamulo adzafunika kupangidwa kuti awonetsetse kuti ukadaulo uwu ndiwotetezeka komanso mwachilungamo. Pakadali pano, makampani atha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa organoid kupanga mankhwala atsopano ndi njira zochiritsira, zomwe zitha kutsegulira misika yatsopano ndi njira zopezera ndalama. Komabe, angafunikirenso kuyang'ana zovuta zopanga ma organoid nthawi zonse kuti awonetsetse kuti akupanganso kudalirika komanso kudalirika kwa kafukufuku wawo. 

Zotsatira za organoids

Zotsatira zazikulu za organoids zingaphatikizepo:

• Maphunziro atsatanetsatane a ziwalo zomwe ofufuza amapanga gulu la organoids kuti ayesetse mayeso osiyanasiyana. 
• Maphunziro atsopano a mankhwala osokoneza bongo posintha maselo osiyanasiyana mkati mwa organoid kuti agwirizane ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala.
• Kupanga ma cell komwe asayansi atha kukopa ma organoids kuti apange zida zina.
• Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwamitengo yazachipatala monga chithandizo chamankhwala chogwira mtima komanso chamunthu payekhapayekha ku matenda kungachepetse kutalika ndi mtengo wakukhala kuchipatala.
• Njira yowonjezereka yofufuza zasayansi ndi kusintha komwe kungasinthe pamalamulo a ufulu wa zinyama.
• Zokhudza zinsinsi monga chidziwitso cha majini cha munthu chiyenera kusungidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma organoids, zomwe zimafuna malamulo atsopano kuti ateteze zinsinsi za majini.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kusagwirizana komwe kulipo pazachipatala monga mwayi wopeza chithandizo chopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito teknolojiyi ukhoza kukhala wochepa kwa omwe angakwanitse.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti ma organoid atha kupangidwa mokwanira kuti akhale olowa m'malo mwa ziwalo? Chifukwa chiyani?
• Kodi mungalole kulandira chotengera cha organoid?