Mzinda wanzeru kwa oyenda pansi: Kupangitsa mizinda kukhalanso yabwino kwa anthu

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• Mwina 5, 2023

Mizinda imapangidwa ndi anthu, koma mwatsoka, chitetezo cha anthu oyenda pansi nthawi zambiri sichimanyalanyazidwa m'malingaliro am'mbuyomu akukonzekera mizinda. Lingaliro la mizinda yanzeru cholinga chake ndikusintha miyezo yam'mbuyomu pokopa maboma am'matauni kuti apangenso chitetezo chaoyenda pansi. Poika patsogolo zosowa ndi chitetezo cha nzika, mizinda imatha kukhala malo abwino okhalamo komanso okhazikika.

Smart city ya anthu oyenda pansi

Dziko lamakono likuchulukirachulukira kukhala m’matauni, ndipo zikulingalira za United Nations zikusonyeza kuti pofika 2050, 68 peresenti ya anthu padziko lonse adzakhala m’mizinda. Ndi kukula kumeneku kumabwera zovuta zatsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa mizinda kukhala yokhazikika, yogwira ntchito komanso yokhazikika. Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndi lingaliro la mizinda yanzeru, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono ndi deta kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa anthu okhalamo, makamaka kuyenda.

Nkhani yachitetezo cha oyenda pansi yakhala vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi m'mizinda padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2017, panali anthu 6,000 omwe anafa oyenda pansi ku US komanso ana oposa 2,400 omwe anafa ku South Africa. Ngozizi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha misewu yoyipa yomwe imalimbikitsa kuthamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu oyenda pansi azikhala oopsa. Mayankho osavuta atha kukhazikitsidwa kuti chitetezo chitetezeke, monga kuwunika kochulukira kudzera pa makamera a CCTV, kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono m'magawo osankhidwa, ndikuyika magetsi apamsewu ndi ma bollards.

Komabe, kusintha kowonjezereka kumafunikira kusinthira kumizinda yanzeru, kuyika patsogolo kulumikizana kwanthawi yeniyeni ndi mgwirizano pakati pa maboma ndi oyenda pansi. Mothandizidwa ndi intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT), mizinda yanzeru ikutulutsa machitidwe olumikizana omwe amatha kuyembekezera kugunda komwe kungachitike ndikusonkhanitsa zambiri pazokambirana za oyenda pansi ndi zomwe amakonda. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ndikuyika zosowa za nzika patsogolo, mizinda yanzeru ikugwira ntchito kuti ipange malo okhala m'matauni otetezeka komanso okhazikika.

Zosokoneza

Kampani yaukadaulo yaku US yochokera ku US ya Applied Information idakhazikitsa njira yake yotetezera anthu oyenda pansi (PCSS) yothandizidwa ndi IoT, yomwe imatha kulumikizana ndi madalaivala ndi oyenda pansi nthawi yeniyeni kudzera pa TraveSafety smartphone app. Njira zowunikira zamagalimoto ndi zosinthika, zozikidwa pa radar, komanso zoyendetsedwa ndi solar. Njira yofananira ya masensa ikufufuzidwa ku UK, komwe magetsi amatha kusintha mtundu akangodutsa oyenda pansi, ngakhale magalimoto sanayime.

Kukwera kwa magalimoto odziyimira pawokha kapena odziyimira pawokha kungayambitse mikhalidwe yotetezeka yamsewu popeza zida zolumikizidwa ndi ma dashboard zimalumikizana mwachangu komanso molondola kuposa madalaivala aumunthu. Pakadali pano, ku Europe, pulojekiti yotchedwa Smart Pedestrian Net ikuyesa pulogalamu yomwe imawongolera oyenda pansi panjira zotetezeka (osati zothamanga kwambiri) kupita komwe akupita. Oyenda pansi amathanso kusiya ndemanga pa pulogalamuyi, monga misewu yakuda, maenje, ndi ngozi zomwe amakumana nazo poyenda.

Ma analytics oyenda pansi amatha kusonkhanitsa njira zamayendedwe ndi zidziwitso zamagawo omwe ali ndi kuchulukana kwakukulu. Izi zitha kudziwitsanso zisankho zakukonzekera m'matauni, monga kuyika kwa malo a anthu onse, malo odutsa oyenda pansi, ndi kasamalidwe ka magalimoto. Zidziwitso zapagulu zitha kupereka zidziwitso zenizeni kwa oyenda pansi zokhuza kupezeka kwa mayendedwe a anthu onse, momwe misewu ilili, ndi zidziwitso zina zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, zikwangwani za digito zimatha kuwonetsa nthawi yeniyeni ya mabasi ndi masitima apamtunda, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa nthawi yodikirira ndikupangitsa kuti zoyendera zapagulu zikhale zosavuta.

Zokhudza mizinda yanzeru kwa oyenda pansi

Zotsatira zakuchulukira kwamizinda yanzeru kwa anthu oyenda pansi zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kuchulukirachulukira kutchuka kwa mapulogalamu oteteza anthu oyenda pansi omwe amatha kupereka mayendedwe olondola ndikusintha zambiri zamagalimoto ndi misewu kwa okonzekera mizinda ndi oyang'anira.
• Okonzekera m'matauni amalemba ntchito makampani aukadaulo amtawuni kuti atumize njira zamagalimoto za IoT zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zosinthika koma zosinthika.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kokulirapo kwa zida zatsopano zomangira nyumba zoyandikana ndi mzinda zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zomangamanga zam'misewu zamakono komanso zamtsogolo zimamangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa chitetezo ndi chitonthozo cha oyenda pansi. 
• Opanga nyumba akuwonetsetsa kupezeka kwamayendedwe amtundu wa IoT m'malo omwe amawafunira kuti apereke mitengo yamtengo wapatali pazogulitsa zawo.
• Kuchulukitsa kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira malo a anthu, zomwe zimadzetsa nkhawa zachinsinsi komanso kukokoloka kwa ufulu wamunthu.
• Kutumizidwa kwa matekinoloje anzeru akumizinda kungapangitse kuti madera akumatauni achuluke.
• Mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje anzeru akumizinda womwe ungathe kupatutsa chuma kutali ndi zofunikira zina zamatawuni, monga nyumba zotsika mtengo komanso zomangamanga.
• Kudalira luso lamakono ndi deta m'mizinda yanzeru kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha machitidwe a m'matauni ku zigawenga za pa intaneti ndi kuphwanya deta, zomwe zikuwopseza chitetezo cha anthu.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mzinda wanu ukuyika bwanji chitetezo cha anthu oyenda pansi?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti mizinda yanzeru ingalimbikitse bwanji anthu ambiri kuyenda?