Minofu Yopanga: Mphamvu zapamwamba za Engineering

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• Mwina 6, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa minofu yochita kupanga kukutsegulira njira yogwiritsira ntchito zambiri, kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe zopangira ma prosthetics kupita ku maloboti omwe ali ndi luso lokhazikika. Ofufuza akufufuza zipangizo ndi mphamvu zopangira mphamvu kuti apange ulusi womwe umatsanzira kayendedwe ka minofu yaumunthu. Pamene lusoli likupitilira kukula, likulonjeza kubweretsa zosintha m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chisamaliro chaumoyo, mafashoni, ndi zosangalatsa, komanso kukweza mfundo zofunika zamakhalidwe ndi malamulo.

Minofu Yochita kupanga

Asayansi akhala akukumana ndi mbiri yakale ya kuyesa kosatheka kupanga minofu yochita kupanga. Izi zimaphatikizapo zitsulo zokumbukira mawonekedwe, ma hydraulics, ma polima, ndi ma servo motors. Komabe, kuyesayesa uku sikuli koyenera chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo, dexterity, ndi nthawi yochuluka yoyankha. Minofu yochita kupanga imafuna njira yolumikizira yolumikizana ndi gwero lamphamvu lachilengedwe, monga glucose ndi oxygen. 

Komabe, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2010, ofufuza adafalitsa maphunziro okhudza kukula kwa minofu ya m'badwo wotsatira. Mu 2019, gulu lofufuza la Massachusetts Institute of Technology lidatengeranso njira ya "kupiringa ndi kukoka" ya chomera cha nkhaka kuti apange ulusi womwe umatha kulumikizana ngati minofu yamunthu. Anakwaniritsa izi pomanga ma polima awiri okhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapanga zozungulira pokoka taut. Kutentha kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti dzira likhale lopiringizika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ulusiwu umagwira ntchito bwino m'malo ocheperako, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti azipanga malonda. Ulusiwu ukhozanso kuphimbidwa ndi nanowires kuti upereke mphamvu yamkati. 

Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi ku yunivesite ya Linköping adapanga minofu yokumba mu 2019 yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi okosijeni ngati gwero lamphamvu, kutembenuza mphamvu zama mankhwala kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi kudzera pamagetsi achilengedwe. Mphamvu zamagetsi ndiye zidapangitsa kuti minofu yopangidwa yopangidwayo igwire. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, asayansi adzagwiritsa ntchito minofu yochita kupanga kuti awonjezere maloboti ndi manja opangirako. Ngakhale kuti minofu yochita kupanga imatha kupangidwa kuti ikhale yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa 600 kuposa minofu yamunthu, kuyambira Disembala 2021, mitundu imatha kutaya mpaka 97 peresenti ya mphamvu zawo ikamachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zopanda ntchito.   

Zosokoneza

Kukula kwa minofu yochita kupanga kungapereke chithandizo chatsopano cha matenda osokonekera aminofu, monga Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Minofu yopangidwa iyi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala omwe amathandizira kusinthika kwa minofu, kuwongolera moyo wa anthu omwe akudwala matendawa. Komanso, kwa anthu omwe amadalira ma prosthetics, minofu yochita kupanga imapatsa mwayi njira zina zopepuka komanso zogwira mtima, kupititsa patsogolo kuyenda komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta. Pamene kafukufuku akupita patsogolo, cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu komwe kumakhala kofala m'mapangidwe amakono, osati kungopangitsa kuti minofuyi ikhale yogwira ntchito komanso kukulitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Kuyang'ana momwe mafakitale amagwirira ntchito, kuphatikiza minofu yochita kupanga kukhala zida za ogwira ntchito kumatha kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimafunikira pakugwira ntchito molimbika. Ganizirani za kutuluka kwa minofu yopangidwa ndi minofu, kuthandiza ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale olemera pochepetsa kupsinjika kwa matupi awo, chitukuko chomwe chingathe kulimbikitsa malo ogwira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yovulala. Mofananamo, gawo la maloboti likuyembekezeka kupindula kwambiri, ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo yamaloboti yomwe ingakhale ndi minyewa yopangira, potero imawathandiza kusinthasintha komanso kuyenda, zomwe zitha kukhala zofunika kwambiri pantchito zomwe zimafunikira kukhudza kofewa kapena kuyenda m'malo osagwirizana.

Komabe, chitukukochi chimafunanso mabungwe amasewera kuti achitepo kanthu kuti asunge chilungamo pamipikisano, chifukwa angafunikire kukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa othamanga kugwiritsa ntchito minofu yochita kupanga kuti apindule mosayenera. Maboma angafunikirenso kulimbikitsa malo omwe amalimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa makhalidwe abwino ndikupewa kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe ophunzirira atha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawiyi kuphatikiza chidziwitso chaukadaulo womwe ukubwerawu m'maphunziro, kukulitsa m'badwo womwe uli ndi luso lopeza bwino ndikuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zingachitike. 

Zotsatira za minofu yochita kupanga 

Zowonjezereka za minofu yopangira zingaphatikizepo:

• Mapangidwe opangira ma prosthetic omwe amasintha kuti akhale opepuka komanso olabadira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu olumala azisankha njira zokomera anthu olumala, zomwe sizingangowonjezera kuyenda komanso kudzidalira ndikupangitsa kuti anthu azilumikizana bwino m'magulu osiyanasiyana.
• Asitikali akutumiza ndalama m'mapulogalamu ofufuza kuti apange minofu yapadera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale asitikali apamwamba omwe ali ndi mphamvu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, zomwe zitha kukulitsa mpikisano wa zida padziko lonse lapansi ndikudzutsa zovuta zamakhalidwe okhudzana ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso la anthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira.
• Kuwonekera kwa maloboti a humanoid okhala ndi zikopa zosinthika zakuthupi kapena zopanga ndi minofu, kutsegulira njira yolumikizirana mwachilengedwe pakati pa anthu ndi maloboti, kusintha kusintha kwa msika wantchito poyambitsa maloboti omwe amatha kugwira ntchito molimbika ngati munthu komanso kumvetsetsa kwamalingaliro.
• Makampani opanga mafashoni amatha kutengera minofu yochita kupanga popanga zovala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azivala zomwe zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe kapena mtundu potengera zomwe amakonda kapena malingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapatsa mawonekedwe atsopano komanso kubweretsa mafunso okhudza momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira zovala zapamwamba zotere. .
• Makampani osangalatsa, makamaka opanga makanema ndi masewera, amathandizira kuti azitha kupanga makanema owoneka bwino komanso odziwika bwino, zomwe zimatsogolera kuzinthu zambiri koma mwina kukwera mtengo.
• Kupanga maloboti opulumutsira okhala ndi minyewa yochita kupanga, kukulitsa luso lawo loyenda m'malo ovuta ndikupulumutsa miyoyo m'malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi tsoka.
• Kuthekera kwa minofu yochita kupanga kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza zakuthambo, kuthandiza openda zakuthambo kuti agwire ntchito mosavutikira, kukulitsa nthawi yautumwi wamumlengalenga komanso kumafuna ndalama zambiri pakufufuza ndi chitukuko.
• Gawo lazaumoyo litha kuwonetsa kukwera kwamankhwala opangira munthu payekha komanso mapulogalamu owongolera omwe amathandizira minofu yochita kupanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zowongolera bwino komanso kukulitsa mtengo wantchito zachipatala chifukwa chophatikiza ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti maboma aletsa kapena aletse kugwiritsa ntchito minofu yopangira anthu athanzi? 
• Kodi mungakonde kudziŵa minofu yochita kupanga—kaya yobzalidwa kapena yomangika—kuti ikupangitseni kukhala amphamvu ndi ofulumira?