Kuphatikizika kwa majini othamanga: DNA yopangidwa ikhoza kukhala chinsinsi chaumoyo wabwino

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• January 16, 2023

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kapangidwe kakemikolo ka DNA ndi kusanjika kwake kukhala majini, mabwalo, ngakhalenso ma genome onse asintha kwambiri sayansi ya mamolekyu. Njirazi zapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupanga, kumanga, kuyesa, kuphunzira kuchokera ku zolakwika, ndi kubwereza kuzungulira mpaka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna zitakwaniritsidwa. Njira imeneyi ndi yomwe ili pamtima pa luso lopanga biology. 

Mofulumira gene synthesis nkhani

Kaphatikizidwe amatembenuza ma genetic code kukhala DNA ya mamolekyulu kuti ofufuza athe kupanga ndikupanga ma genetic ambiri. Zomwe zilipo za DNA zakula chifukwa cha matekinoloje amtundu wotsatira (NGS). Kukula kumeneku kwadzetsa kuchulukira kwa zosunga zobwezeretsera zamoyo zomwe zili ndi ma DNA otsatizana kuchokera ku chamoyo chilichonse ndi chilengedwe. Ofufuza tsopano atha kutulutsa, kusanthula, ndikusintha zotsatizanazi mosavuta chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri mu pulogalamu ya bioinformatics.

Pamene asayansi apeza zambiri zokhudza zamoyo kuchokera ku “mtengo wa moyo” (mgwirizano wa majenomu), m’pamenenso amamvetsa bwino mmene zamoyo zimayenderana ndi majini. Kutsatizana kwa mibadwo yotsatira kwatithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino matenda, ma microbiome, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo. Kukula kotsatizanaku kumathandizanso kuti maphunziro atsopano asayansi, monga metabolic engineering ndi synthetic biology, akule. Kupeza chidziwitso ichi sikungowonjezera matenda ndi chithandizo chamakono komanso kutsegulira njira zatsopano zachipatala zomwe zidzakhudza thanzi laumunthu kwamuyaya. 

Kuphatikiza apo, biology yopangira imatha kukhudza magawo ambiri, monga kupanga mankhwala atsopano, zida, ndi njira zopangira. Makamaka, kaphatikizidwe ka majini ndi imodzi mwaukadaulo wolonjeza womwe umathandizira kupanga ndikusintha ma genetic mwachangu kwambiri, zomwe zimatsogolera kutulukira kwa ntchito zatsopano zamoyo. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo nthawi zambiri amasamutsa majini kupita ku zamoyo zonse kuti ayese chibadwa chawo kapena kuti apatse zitsanzo za mikhalidwe kapena luso lapadera.

Zosokoneza

Ma DNA afupikitsa opangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi ofunika chifukwa amasinthasintha. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma laboratories ofufuza, zipatala, ndi mafakitale. Mwachitsanzo, adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kachilombo ka COVID-19. Phosphoramidites ndizofunikira zomangira popanga ma DNA, koma osakhazikika komanso amasweka mwachangu.

Mu 2021, wasayansi Alexander Sandahl adapanga njira yatsopano yovomerezeka yopangira mwachangu komanso moyenera zomangira izi kuti apange DNA, kufulumizitsa kwambiri ntchito izi zisanawonongeke. Mayendedwe a DNA amatchedwa oligonucleotides, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira matenda, kupanga mankhwala, ndi ntchito zina zamankhwala ndi zamankhwala. 

Imodzi mwamakampani otsogola kwambiri opanga ma DNA opangira ma DNA ndi Twist Bioscience yaku US. Kampaniyo imagwirizanitsa oligonucleotides kuti ipange majini. Mtengo wa oligos ukutsika, monganso nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti apange. Pofika 2022, mtengo wopanga ma DNA base pairs ndi masenti asanu ndi anayi okha. 

DNA yopangidwa ndi Twist imatha kuyitanidwa pa intaneti ndikutumizidwa ku labu pakatha masiku angapo, pambuyo pake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mamolekyu omwe amafunikira, omwe ndi midadada yomangira zakudya zatsopano, feteleza, zinthu zaku mafakitale, ndi mankhwala. Ginkgo Bioworks, kampani yopanga ma cell yamtengo wapatali $25 biliyoni, ndi imodzi mwamakasitomala akuluakulu a Twist. Pakadali pano, mu 2022, Twist idakhazikitsa zowongolera ziwiri za DNA za kachilombo ka nyani wamunthu kuti athandize ofufuza kupanga katemera ndi mankhwala. 

Zotsatira za kaphatikizidwe ka jini mwachangu

Zotsatira zazikulu za kaphatikizidwe ka jini mwachangu zingaphatikizepo: 

• The inapita patsogolo chizindikiritso cha mavairasi kuchititsa miliri ndi miliri, zikubweretsa kwambiri yake chitukuko cha katemera.
• Ma biotechs ochulukirapo komanso zoyambira zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri paukadaulo wophatikizira ma gene mogwirizana ndi makampani a biopharma.
• Maboma akuthamangira kuyika ndalama m'ma lab awo opangira ma DNA kuti apange mankhwala ndi zida zamafakitale.
• Mtengo wa DNA yopanga kukhala wotsika, zomwe zimatsogolera ku demokalase ya kafukufuku wa majini. Izi zitha kuyambitsanso ma biohackers ambiri omwe akufuna kuyesa okha.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kafukufuku wa majini kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chachangu pakusintha ma gene ndi matekinoloje azachipatala, monga CRISPR/Cas9.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi ubwino winanso wotani wopangidwa ndi DNA yopangidwa mochuluka?
• Kodi maboma ayenera kuwongolera bwanji gawoli kuti likhalebe labwino?