Kuphatikiza kwa maziko: Kodi ndi nthawi yoti mfundo zakuya zigwirizane?

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• January 31, 2023

Zida zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga (AI) ndi kuphunzira pamakina (ML) zimapangitsa kuti mabungwe athe kuyang'anira ndikusanthula bwino chuma chawo chomwe chikukula mosalekeza. Makamaka, njira zophunzirira mozama (DL) zikukhala zomangira zazinthu zambiri za AI/ML. Vuto tsopano lagona pakuphatikiza magawo osiyanasiyana kuti afufuze mwachangu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko.

Kuphatikizika kwa maziko

Ndondomeko yopangira mapulogalamu ndi zida zomwe zimathandiza omanga kupanga mapulogalamu ndi machitidwe omwe ali okonzedwa bwino komanso odalirika. Chikhazikitso mu mapulogalamu amapereka zigawo zokonzeka kapena njira zothetsera mavuto omwe amakumana nawo, omwe opanga amatha kusintha malinga ndi zosowa zawo. M'mapulogalamu achikhalidwe, ma code achikhalidwe amayitanira ku laibulale kuti apeze ma code ogwiritsiridwanso ntchito. Ndi inversion of control (IoC), chimangocho chimayitanitsa zidutswa zamakhodi pakafunika.

Zikafika ku DL, ma frameworks amapereka njira yosavuta yopangira, kuphunzitsa, ndikutsimikizira maukonde azama neural. Zomangamanga zambiri za DL zimagwiritsa ntchito ma graphics processing units (GPUs) kuti apititse patsogolo maphunziro, kuphatikiza PyTorch, TensorFlow, PyTorch Geometric, ndi DGL. Mapangidwe awa amadalira malaibulale othamanga a GPU monga cuDNN, NCCL, ndi DALI kuti apereke magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. 

Kutchuka kwa machitidwe ena a DL pakati pa ofufuza nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa zomwe zimachitika pazamalonda. Mwachitsanzo, TensorFlow ya Google ndi Meta's PyTorch ndi awiri mwa otchuka kwambiri. Makamaka, PyTorch yawona kuwonjezeka kwa kukhazikitsidwa kuyambira 2017. Malinga ndi magazini ya AI yolunjika The Gradient, m'mapepala a msonkhano wa 2019 omwe anatchula ndondomeko yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, 75 peresenti inatchula PyTorch koma osati TensorFlow. Mwa ofufuza a 161 omwe adasindikiza mapepala ambiri a TensorFlow kuposa mapepala a PyTorch, 55 peresenti adasinthira ku Pytorch, pomwe 15 peresenti adachita zosiyana.

Zosokoneza

Pakuchulukirachulukira kwamakampani kuti aphatikizire machitidwe awo a AI kuti apereke zotsatira zokhazikika komanso kuwongolera khalidwe. Njira yopangira kafukufuku wa mapulojekiti a AI imadziwika kuti ndiyochedwa komanso yotopetsa m'mbuyomu. Masitepe angapo, zida zomwe ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kusowa kokhazikika zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsatira chilichonse. Ofufuza ndi mainjiniya anali ndi vuto losankha pakati pazida zomwe zinali zabwino pakufufuza kapena kupanga malonda, koma osati zonse ziwiri.

Mu 2021, Meta idaganiza zosamutsa machitidwe ake onse a AI kupita ku PyTorch. M'mbuyomu, kampaniyo idagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zazikuluzikulu - PyTorch yotseguka pofufuza (yomwe kampaniyo idapanga mogwirizana ndi Linux Foundation) ndi Caffe2, chimango chamkati chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamalonda. Kusintha kumeneku ndi nkhani yabwino osati ya Meta yokha, yomwe idzapulumutse ndalama pakukonza ndi chitukuko, komanso kwa omanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lotseguka. Meta idati idzayang'ana kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la otukula a PyTorch, kugwirizanitsa malingaliro ndi mapulojekiti omwe angachitike. 

Mainjiniya a PyTorch pa Facebook ayambitsa zida zosiyanasiyana, mitundu yophunzitsidwa kale, malaibulale, ndi ma dataset ofunika pagawo lililonse popanga zatsopano za AI/ML. Ndi zosintha za 2021, pakhala kafukufuku wopitilira 3,000 wopitilira kuyerekeza ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu. Tikukhulupirira, makampani aukadaulo athandizana kwambiri kuti achepetse zomangira za AI ndikupanga njira zogwirizanirana zomwe zimalimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi kutengera.

Zotsatira za kuphatikiza kwa chimango

Zotsatira zazikulu za kuphatikiza kwa chimango zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kupanga kwachangu mu malo a AI/ML pomwe makampani ambiri amatengera njira imodzi yofufuzira.
• Kusasinthika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maziko omwewo, makamaka pazida zanzeru zapanyumba ndi intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT).
• Ochita kafukufuku amatha kudziwa molondola kukondera kwa algorithm ndi zovuta zina / nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito chimango chimodzi.
• Kugwirizana kochulukirapo pakati pamakampani aukadaulo ndi mabungwe kuti apange njira zotseguka zomwe aliyense atha kuzipeza ndikumangapo.
• Kuchulukitsa mpikisano pakati pa makampani akuluakulu aukadaulo kuti akhazikitse dongosolo lotsogola kwambiri, lomwe lingasokoneze mgwirizano.

Mafunso oti muyankhepo

• Ngati mumagwira ntchito mu DL space, kodi kuphatikiza ma frameworks kwapangitsa bwanji ntchito yanu kukhala yosavuta?
• Ndi maubwino ena ati amitundu yosankhidwa yomwe imagwirira ntchito limodzi bwino?