Kupititsa patsogolo zamoyo zosiyanasiyana: Kutayika kosawoneka kwa chilengedwe chamkati

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 17, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tili paliponse, ndipo ndi zofunika kwambiri pa thanzi la anthu, zomera, ndi zinyama. Komabe, zamoyo zamitundumitundu zikuchepa chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa, kusintha kwanyengo, ndi zochitika zina zoyambitsidwa ndi anthu. Kutayika kumeneku kungawononge kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi zamoyo zomwe zimadalira.

Kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha microbiodiversity

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timaphatikizapo mabakiteriya, ma virus, ndi tizirombo tating'ono tating'ono; ngakhale zazing'ono, zonse pamodzi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa thanzi la dziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amafunikira chitetezo champhamvu kuti athe kuthana ndi matenda opatsirana monga COVID-19; komabe, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi ma microbiomes osiyanasiyana, izi ndizovuta. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti timapereka zakudya komanso zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimalimbikitsa thanzi lathupi ndi malingaliro. Kuonjezera apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timathandiza kugaya chakudya, kuthandizira chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso kuteteza ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kupatula kusunga thanzi la anthu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe pothandiza zomera kukulitsa ndi kubwezeretsanso zakudya zam'nthaka.

Komabe, kuwononga chilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa acidity m'nyanja, kuwononga malo okhala, komanso kusintha kwanyengo kumayika pachiwopsezo madera apadziko lapansi kuti agwire ntchito zofunika monga kupanga chakudya ndi kuwongolera. Mu 2019, akatswiri 33 a sayansi ya zakuthambo adasaina "chenjezo kwa anthu", ponena kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timathandizira kukhalapo kwa mitundu yonse ya moyo wapamwamba ndipo ziyenera kusungidwa zivute zitani. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti kukhala m'matauni kwapangitsa kuti mitundu yambiri yazamoyo iwonongeke.

Ochita kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti pofika chaka cha 2050, kusintha kwakukulu kwa momwe anthu akukhalira kudzachitika, ndipo 70 peresenti ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi amakhala m'matauni. Kukula kwa mizinda kumeneku kumapereka maubwino ena, monga kupititsa patsogolo mwayi wopeza ntchito komanso mwayi wachuma, koma kumabweretsanso zovuta zaumoyo. Makamaka, anthu okhala m'madera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri akukumana ndi kukwera kodetsa nkhawa kwaumoyo monga mphumu ndi matenda otupa a m'matumbo, mikhalidwe yomwe ikukulirakulira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachilengedwe kwamitundumitundu yokhudzana ndi mizinda.

Zosokoneza

Mu 2022, asayansi anali kugwira ntchito kuti amvetsetse udindo wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pazachilengedwe ndikuvumbulutsa njira zotetezera ndi kubwezeretsanso zachilengedwe zachilengedwe, ndikuwunika thanzi lamatumbo ndi malo abwino kuyamba. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tingatetezere ku kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a shuga, ndi matenda otupa. Kafukufuku wa 2019 adapeza kuti "kutaya kwachuma" kumalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'matumbo.

Mu 2020 ndi 2021, kafukufuku adapeza kuti anthu okhala m'matauni amakonda kutaya kwambiri zachilengedwe zachilengedwe chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi. Makamaka, germaphobia, lingaliro lonyenga lakuti majeremusi onse ndi ovulaza, limawonjezera mavutowa mwa kulimbikitsa anthu kuyeretsa mopambanitsa nyumba zawo ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amaletsa ana kutuluka panja ndi kusewera muuthi. Anthu okhala m’matauni akhoza kuvutika chifukwa chotaya ulalo wofunikira umenewu chifukwa nthaka ndi imodzi mwa malo okhala ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Malowa ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, zomwe zingathandize kulimbikitsa kulimbana ndi matenda. 

Phunziro la 2023 lofalitsidwa mu Malire a Ecology ndi Evolution nyuzipepala focused on Northern China, dera lomwe limadziwika kuti lawonongeka kwambiri zamoyo zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mizinda komanso kusintha kwa nyengo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yogawa mitundu, kafukufukuyu adawunikira malo omwe amakhalapo pamitundu yambiri ya zomera ndi kulemera kwake. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti kukula kwamatauni kumakhudza kwambiri kusintha kwa mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi kusintha kwanyengo m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Zotsatira za kusintha kwa microbiodiversity

Zotsatira zazikulu pakuwongolera zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zingaphatikizepo: 

• Maboma akulimbikitsa okonza mizinda kuti apange malo obiriwira komanso abuluu, kuphatikiza minda, nyanja, ndi mapaki.
• Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chamthupi monga chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu kumatha kukhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu chachilengedwe polimbana ndi kutuluka kwa ma virus ndi matenda ena. Kuwongolera koteroko kungathandizenso kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo m'dziko.
• Gawo la mavitamini ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera likupitilirabe kupindula ndi nkhawa za anthu pa chitetezo chawo cha mthupi.
• Kuchulukirachulukira kwa zida za do-it-yourself (DIY) microbiome pomwe anthu akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi thanzi lawo m'matumbo. 
• Zowonjezereka zachitukuko ndi mabungwe akumidzi omwe akufuna kubwezeretsedwa kwa chilengedwe chawo m'deralo ndi zigawo, kuphatikizapo kusunga nkhalango ndi nyanja.
• Ntchito zachitukuko zamatauni zomwe zikuphatikiza kuteteza zachilengedwe, zomwe zimatsogolera ku ntchito zogulitsa malo omwe amaphatikiza malo achilengedwe ndi makonde a nyama zakuthengo.
• Mafakitale azakudya ndi ulimi akusinthira kuzinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zanthaka, kupititsa patsogolo kulimba kwa mbewu ndi zokolola.
• Maphunziro akusintha kuti aphatikizepo zamoyo zosiyanasiyana komanso kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe, kulimbikitsa m'badwo wozindikira kwambiri zakukhudzidwa kwachilengedwe.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Ngati mumakhala mumzinda, kodi mukukhulupirira kuti mwakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ndi matumbo?
• Nanga maboma ndi anthu angalimbikitse bwanji zamoyo zosiyanasiyana?