Superbugs: Tsoka lomwe likubwera padziko lonse lapansi?

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Superbugs: Tsoka lomwe likubwera padziko lonse lapansi?

Superbugs: Tsoka lomwe likubwera padziko lonse lapansi?

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ayamba kuchepa mphamvu pamene kusamva mankhwala kumafalikira padziko lonse lapansi.
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • February 14, 2022

    Chidule cha chidziwitso

    Chiwopsezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timayamba kukana mankhwala opha tizilombo, makamaka maantibayotiki, ndi vuto lomwe likukulirakulira paumoyo wa anthu. Kukana kwa maantibayotiki, komwe kumayambitsa kukwera kwa ma superbugs, kwadzetsa chiwopsezo chachitetezo chaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi, ndi chenjezo la United Nations kuti kukana kwa antimicrobial kungayambitse kufa kwa 10 miliyoni pofika 2050.

    Superbug context

    Pazaka XNUMX zapitazi, mankhwala amakono athandiza kuthetsa matenda ambiri omwe kale anali oopsa kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka zonse za m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, makamaka, mankhwala amphamvu ndi chithandizo chinapangidwa chomwe chinathandiza anthu kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wautali. Tsoka ilo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri tasintha ndipo timakhala osamva mankhwalawa. 

    Kusalimbana ndi mabakiteriya kwadzetsa tsoka la thanzi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo kumachitika pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga mabakiteriya, bowa, mavairasi, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasintha kuti tithane ndi zotsatira za mankhwala opha tizilombo. Izi zikachitika, mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sagwira ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira kugwiritsira ntchito magulu amphamvu a mankhwala. 

    Mabakiteriya osamva mankhwala, omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti "superbugs," atuluka chifukwa cha zinthu monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'zamankhwala ndi zaulimi, kuipitsidwa kwa mafakitale, kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa matenda, komanso kusowa kwa madzi aukhondo. Kukaniza kumayamba kudzera mukusintha kwamitundu yambiri komanso masinthidwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ena omwe amangochitika zokha, komanso kufalitsa uthenga wama genetic kudutsa mitundu yonse.
     
    Ma Superbugs nthawi zambiri amatha kulepheretsa kuyesetsa kuchiza matenda wamba ndipo ayambitsa miliri ingapo m'zaka zaposachedwa. Malinga ndi lipoti la US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mitundu iyi imakhudza anthu opitilira 2.8 miliyoni ndipo imapha anthu opitilira 35,000 ku United States chaka chilichonse. Mitundu imeneyi yapezeka mochulukirachulukira yozungulira m'madera, ndikuyika pachiwopsezo chaumoyo. Kulimbana ndi kukana kwa antimicrobial ndikofunikira chifukwa vutoli limatha kupitilirabe, pomwe AMR Action Fund ikuwonetsa kuti kufa ndi matenda osamva maantibayotiki kumatha kuchulukira pafupifupi 10 miliyoni pachaka pofika 2050.

    Zosokoneza

    Ngakhale kuti padziko lonse pali chiopsezo cha superbugs, maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri, osati pochiza matenda a anthu komanso m'makampani azaulimi. Zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, komabe, zikuwonetsa kuti mapulogalamu azipatala omwe amayang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, omwe amadziwika kuti "Antibiotic Stewardship Programs," amatha kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo cha matenda ndikuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki. Mapulogalamuwa amathandiza madokotala kupititsa patsogolo chisamaliro cha odwala ndi chitetezo cha odwala poonjezera chiwerengero cha machiritso, kuchepetsa kulephera kwa chithandizo, ndi kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oyenera a mankhwala ndi prophylaxis. 

    Bungwe la World Health Organization lalimbikitsanso kuti pakhale njira yolimba, yogwirizana yokhudzana ndi kupewa komanso kupeza mankhwala atsopano. Komabe, njira yokhayo yomwe ilipo yothana ndi kubuka kwa ma superbugs ndikuteteza ndi kuwongolera matenda. Njirazi zimafuna kuti asiye mchitidwe wolembera mankhwala mopitirira muyeso komanso kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa mankhwala opha maantibayotiki ndi akatswiri a zamankhwala, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti odwala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha maantibayotiki moyenerera powatenga monga momwe asonyezedwera, kumaliza maphunziro awo, ndi kusagawana nawo. 

    M'mafakitale aulimi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki pochiza ziweto zodwala kokha, komanso kusawagwiritsa ntchito ngati zinthu zomwe zikukulirakulira nyama kungakhale kofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi kukana kwa maantimicrobial. 

    Pakalipano, luso lalikulu ndi ndalama zimafunikira pakufufuza kwa ntchito, komanso kufufuza ndi kupanga mankhwala atsopano oletsa mabakiteriya, katemera, ndi zida zowunikira, makamaka zomwe zimayang'ana mabakiteriya ovuta a gram-negative monga Enterobacteriaceae osagonjetsedwa ndi carbapenem ndi Acinetobacter baumannii. 

    The Antimicrobial Resistance Action Fund, Antimicrobial Resistance Multi-Partner Trust Fund, ndi Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership atha kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma popereka ndalama zothandizira kafukufuku. Maboma angapo, kuphatikiza a Sweden, Germany, United States, ndi United Kingdom, akuyesa njira zobweza kuti apange mayankho anthawi yayitali polimbana ndi ma superbugs.

    Zotsatira za superbugs

    Zotsatira zazikulu za kukana maantibayotiki zingaphatikizepo:

    • Kukhala m'chipatala nthawi yayitali, kukwera mtengo kwachipatala, komanso kufa kwachulukidwe.
    • Maopaleshoni oyika ziwalo akukhala owopsa kwambiri chifukwa omwe alandila chiwalo chopanda chitetezo chamthupi sangathe kulimbana ndi matenda owopsa popanda maantibayotiki.
    • Chithandizo ndi njira zochizira monga chemotherapy, opaleshoni, ndi appendectomies zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri popanda maantibayotiki ogwira ntchito popewa komanso kuchiza matenda. (Ngati mabakiteriya alowa m'magazi, angayambitse septicemia yoika moyo pachiswe.)
    • Chibayo chikuchulukirachulukira ndipo chikhoza kubwereranso monga momwe chidapha anthu ambiri, makamaka pakati pa okalamba.
    • Kukana kwa maantibayotiki m'mabakiteriya a nyama omwe amatha kusokoneza mwachindunji thanzi la nyama ndi thanzi. (Matenda opatsirana a bakiteriya amathanso kuwononga chuma pakupanga chakudya.)

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhondo yolimbana ndi ma superbugs ndi nkhani ya sayansi ndi zamankhwala kapena nkhani ya anthu ndi machitidwe?
    • Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndi ndani akuyenera kutsogolera kusintha kwa machitidwe: wodwala, dokotala, makampani opanga mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi, kapena opanga mfundo?
    • Poganizira za chiwopsezo cha kukana kwa antimicrobial, kodi mukuganiza kuti machitidwe monga antimicrobial prophylaxis kwa anthu athanzi "omwe ali pachiwopsezo" ayenera kuloledwa kupitiliza?

    Maumboni anzeru

    Maulalo otsatirawa otchuka ndi mabungwe adanenedwa kuti adziwe izi:

    Bungwe la World Health Organization Antimicrobial resistance
    Nkhani Zamankhwala Kodi Superbugs ndi chiyani?
    US Food and Drug Administration Kulimbana ndi Antibiotic Resistance