Madomeni opangidwa ndi mapu: Mapu a digito padziko lonse lapansi

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 29, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Mapasa a digito, kapena mapu a 3D, ndi matembenuzidwe enieni (VR) a malo enieni ndi zinthu, zomwe zatsimikizira kuti ndizofunikira pakuwunika zomangamanga. Malo ofananirawa atha kuthandiza omwe akuchita nawo gawo kuzindikira ndikuwunika malo omwe atha kukhala ndikuchita mosamala zochitika zosiyanasiyana pakompyuta. Zotsatira zanthawi yayitali zaukadaulowu zitha kuphatikiza mizinda yanzeru kuyesa ndondomeko ndi ntchito zatsopano pafupifupi ndi asitikali akuyerekeza zochitika zankhondo.

Mamapu opangira madomeni

Mapasa a digito amagwiritsa ntchito deta yochokera kudziko lenileni kuti apange zofananira zomwe zimatha kutsanzira ndikulosera za chinthu, njira, kapena chilengedwe komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Mapasawa akhala otsogola kwambiri komanso olondola pophatikiza zinthu monga Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and analytics software. Kuphatikiza apo, mapasa a digito akhala ofunikira muukadaulo wamakono chifukwa mapasawa amatha kusintha kufunikira kopanga ma prototypes owoneka bwino komanso malo oyesera, potero amachepetsa mtengo ndikufulumizitsa kuthamanga kwa mapangidwe.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mapasa adijito ndi zofananira ndikuti zoyerekeza zimatengera zomwe zingachitike ku chinthu, pomwe mapasa adijito amafanizira zomwe zikuchitika kuzinthu zenizeni zenizeni padziko lapansi. Onse oyerekeza ndi mapasa a digito amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya digito kutengera njira zamakina. Komabe, ngakhale zoyeserera zimangoyang'ana pa opareshoni imodzi panthawi, mapasa adijito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zofananira zingapo nthawi imodzi kuti aziwona njira zosiyanasiyana.
 
Chifukwa cha kutengera kwamakampani komwe mapasa a digito adakumana ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga, makampani angapo tsopano akuyang'ana kwambiri kupereka mapasa a digito omwe amajambula kapena kutsanzira madera ndi malo enieni. Makamaka, asitikali ali ndi chidwi chofuna kupanga malo enieni omwe asitikali amatha kuphunzitsa mosatetezeka (pogwiritsa ntchito ma VR mahedifoni). 

Chitsanzo cha kampani yomwe imapereka madera opangidwa ndi mapu ndi Maxar, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za satellite kupanga mapasa ake a digito. Malinga ndi tsamba la kampaniyo, pofika chaka cha 2022, imatha kupanga zoyeserera ngati zamoyo zapaulendo komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi kulikonse padziko lapansi. Kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito AI/ML kuchotsa zinthu, ma vector, ndi mawonekedwe kuchokera ku data yapamwamba kwambiri ya geospatial. Mayankho awo owonera amafanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zili pansi, kuthandiza makasitomala ankhondo kupanga zisankho mwachangu komanso molimba mtima. 

Zosokoneza

Mu 2019, US Army Research Laboratory idayamba kupanga One World Terrain, mapu olondola adziko lapansi a 3D omwe amatha kuloza malo ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda m'malo omwe GPS (global positioning system) sipezeka. Ntchitoyi pafupifupi $ 1 biliyoni, yomwe idapangidwa ndi Maxar, ndiyofunikira kwambiri pagulu la Army's Synthetic Training Environment. Pulatifomuyi ndi mawonekedwe osakanizidwa a digito kuti asitikali aziyendetsa ntchito zophunzitsira m'malo omwe amawonetsa dziko lenileni. Ntchitoyi ikuyembekezeka kutha mu 2023.

Pakadali pano, mu 2019, Amazon idagwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira misewu, nyumba, ndi magalimoto ku Snohomish County, Washington, kuphunzitsa loboti yake yobweretsera, Scout. Kope la digito la kampaniyo linali lolondola mpaka ma centimita pa malo a curbstones ndi driveways, ndipo mawonekedwe ngati njere ya asphalt anali olondola mpaka mamilimita. Poyesa Scout m'dera lopangidwa ndi anthu opangidwa, Amazon imatha kuwona nthawi zambiri nyengo zosiyanasiyana popanda kukhumudwitsa anthu okhala m'malo enieni potulutsa zida zabuluu kulikonse.

Amazon idagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zidachokera pangolo yofanana ndi Scout, yokokedwa ndi njinga yokhala ndi makamera ndi lidar (chojambula cha 3D laser chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto odziyimira pawokha) kuti amange tawuni yake. Kampaniyo idagwiritsa ntchito zowonera pa ndege kuti ikwaniritse mapu ena onse. Ukadaulo wa mapu ndi kayeseleledwe ka Amazon umathandizira pakufufuza ndikuthandizira kutumiza maloboti kumadera atsopano. Njira imeneyi imachitidwa powayesa poyerekezera kuti akhale okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ikadzakwana. 

Zotsatira za madera opangidwa ndi mapu

Zotsatira zazikulu za madera opangidwa ndi mapu angaphatikizepo: 

• Mapasa a digito a Dziko Lapansi akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuteteza ndikugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zakusintha kwanyengo.
• Mizinda yanzeru yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mapasa a digito kuyesa matekinoloje atsopano, kuphatikiza magalimoto odziyimira pawokha, komanso maphunziro okonzekera bwino akumatauni.
• Mizinda yomwe ikuchira msanga kuchokera ku masoka achilengedwe ndi mikangano yankhondo kudzera mwa ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi komanso okonza mizinda kuti athe kukonzekera zomanganso.
• Mabungwe ankhondo omwe akuchita mgwirizano ndi makampani opanga mapu a 3D kuti apange mapasa adijito okhala ndi zochitika zenizeni kuti ayesere zochitika zosiyanasiyana zankhondo komanso kuyesa maloboti ankhondo ndi ma drones.
• Makampani amasewera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madera opangidwa ndi mapu kuti apange zochitika zenizeni komanso zozama, makamaka zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zizitengera malo enieni.
• Zoyamba zambiri zopatsa 3D ndi mapu oyerekeza amakampani omanga omwe akufuna kuyesa mapangidwe ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Ndi maubwino ena ati omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha malo opangidwa ndi mapu?
• Kodi mapasa a digito ozama angasinthe bwanji momwe anthu amakhalira ndi kuyanjana?