Madoko odziyimira pawokha: Kukula kukangana pakati pa ma automation ndi ogwira ntchito padoko

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• September 13, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kuthamangitsidwa kwa madoko padziko lonse lapansi kukuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi, pomwe madoko ambiri akupita kale kuzinthu zopangira makina kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama. Komabe, izi zimabweretsa nkhawa, makamaka pakati pa ogwira ntchito padoko, za chitetezo cha ntchito komanso kufunika kwa luso latsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti boma lilowererepo komanso kusintha ndondomeko. Zotsatira zanthawi yayitali zikuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito a 24/7, kuphatikiza kosasinthika ndi makina obwera pamtunda komanso omaliza, komanso kuchuluka kwachitetezo cha pa intaneti.

Madoko odziyimira pawokha

Mapulani osintha ndikusintha madoko padziko lonse lapansi akuchulukirachulukira mu 2020s. Kampani yofufuza ya McKinsey ikuwonetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi magawo ena monga migodi ndi malo osungiramo zinthu, ma port automation akuchedwa kukula. Kafukufuku wofunikira yemwe McKinsey adachita mu 2017 adawonetsa kuti ambiri, 80 peresenti, ya akatswiri onyamula katundu adaneneratu kuti ntchito zawo zapadoko zikhala pang'onopang'ono kapena zokha mzaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Akatswiriwa amayembekezeranso kutsika kwakukulu kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo ogwira ntchito, ndi 55 peresenti, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola kuyambira 10 mpaka 35 peresenti.

Kuyenda kwa automation m'madoko sikuli kopanda zovuta komanso zovuta zake. Pofika mchaka cha 2018, pafupifupi $10 biliyoni anali atayikidwapo m'njira zopangira makina, pomwe madoko pafupifupi 40 padziko lonse lapansi anali atagwiritsa ntchito kale pang'ono kapena kwathunthu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri pakusinthaku ndikusintha kwa madoko, komwe kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto osayendetsedwa ndi ma cranes. Malinga ndi a McKinsey, doko lokhala ndi makina onse, lomwe limatchedwa Port 4.0, lingagwire ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba monga Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), kasamalidwe kambiri ka data, ndi machitidwe anzeru opanga (AI).

Madoko ena akupita kale m'derali. Mu June 2023, 
doko lalikulu la UK, Port of Felixstowe, lidanenedwa kuti linali loyamba ku Europe kutumiza magalimoto odziyimira pawokha oyendetsedwa ndi mabatire, oyendetsedwa ndi AI. Hutchison Ports, yemwe amayang'anira Port of Felixstowe, alamula 100 Q-Trucks, zomwe zikuwonetsa gawo lomwe likupita patsogolo pantchito yawo yazaka zisanu yophatikizira magalimoto odziyimira pawokha muzamalonda wamba.

Zosokoneza

Kusinthika kwa ma port automation, monga momwe mzinda waku China waku Caofeidian waku China ukuwonetsera, womwe mu 2018 udakhala woyamba kuchita zokha zokha, ndikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu pazamalonda padziko lonse lapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mathirakitala opanda dalaivala ndi ma cranes, dokoli limatha kunyamula katundu wochuluka kwambiri, kusamutsa mpaka 300,000 mayunitsi ofanana ndi mapazi makumi awiri (TEU) tsiku lililonse. Kupambana kumeneku, koyendetsedwa ndi ukadaulo wochokera ku TuSimple komweko, kumawonetsa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi m'malo ngati madoko, omwe ali paokha komanso amakhala ndi zochitika zodziwikiratu, zopanda oyenda pansi. 

Komabe, kusintha kwa makina opangira madoko kwadzetsa nkhawa kwambiri pakati pa ogwira ntchito pamadoko padziko lonse lapansi. Kukankhira kumbuyo kwa mabungwe ogwira ntchito kukuwonetsedwa ndi zomwe zidachitika ku Port of Vancouver mu 2019, pomwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa projekiti yazaka khumi idadzetsa ziwonetsero za mamembala a International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU). Lingaliro la ILWU silikutsutsana ndi ma automation per se koma ikunena za kusowa kwa njira zopezera ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito omwe alipo. Kuyitana kwawo kwa olamulira aku Canada kuti achepetse zogwiritsa ntchito kumawonetsa nkhawa yayikulu pakati pa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana omwe akukumana ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo komweku.

Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, kusamvana pakati pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa makina opangira ma doko ndi kusunga ntchito kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu kwa atsogoleri amakampani, maboma, ndi mabungwe owongolera. Makampani ngati Port of Vancouver amanena kuti makina azidzapanga ntchito zatsopano, komabe kusinthaku kumafuna njira yabwino yowonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito akusintha ndikuphunzitsidwa. Maboma ndi mabungwe olamulira angafunikire kuganizira mfundo zomwe zimathandizira kusinthaku, kulinganiza kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi zovuta za chikhalidwe ndi zachuma. 

Zotsatira za madoko odziyimira pawokha

Zowonjezereka za madoko odziyimira pawokha zingaphatikizepo:

• Madoko akugwira ntchito mosalekeza usana ndi usiku, kupangitsa kuti katundu azichulukirachulukira, kuchepetsa kuchedwa kwa kutumiza ndi kusokonezeka kwa ma chain chain, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti katundu atumizidwa mwachangu kumsika.
• Kumaliza kokwanira kwa zochitika zamadoko, kuphatikiza kukonza malo ogona ndi bwalo ndi kukonza zolosera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina azitsika komanso magwiridwe antchito adoko.
• Kukula kwandalama zodziyimira pawokha kuchokera kumadoko kupita kwa ogula omaliza, kuphatikiza zonyamula katundu zoyenda pamtunda monga magalimoto ndi masitima apamtunda, komanso njira zoperekera maulendo omaliza monga ma drones operekera, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito.
• Kuchulukirachulukira kwa kusamvana pakati pa mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi oyang'anira madoko, zomwe zitha kuchititsa kuti anthu azinyanyala ntchito komanso kufuna kuti boma likhazikitse malamulo oyendetsera makina.
• Kusintha kwa zofuna za msika wa antchito, zomwe zimafuna kuti ogwira ntchito azikhala ndi luso lapamwamba laukadaulo komanso kusinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwamaphunziro ndi maphunziro kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamakampani atsopano.
• Maboma akukhazikitsa mfundo ndi malamulo atsopano kuti azitha kuyang'anira kakhalidwe, chitetezo, ndi zovuta zachuma zaukadaulo wamadoko odziyimira pawokha.
• Kuchulukitsa kudalira njira zachitetezo cha cybersecurity kuteteza makina opangira madoko ku ziwopsezo za digito, ndikupanga kufunikira kwa mayankho apamwamba achitetezo ndi akatswiri.
• Kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe m'ntchito zamadoko chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu komanso kuchepetsa mpweya wochokera kumakina ndi magalimoto.
• Kusintha kwamachitidwe azamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi, pomwe madoko omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba lamagetsi amakopa kwambiri otumiza mayiko, zomwe zitha kusintha kusintha kwachuma pakati pa mayiko.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi madoko odzichitira okha angasinthe bwanji makampani opanga zinthu?
• Kodi zina ndi zina ziti zomwe zingatheke kuchokera ku madoko odzipangira okha?