Sitima yapamadzi ya haidrojeni: Kukwera kuchokera ku masitima oyendera dizilo

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• January 7, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Pamene okonza mayendedwe amalingalira za njanji zam'tsogolo, akusunthira ku masitima apamtunda oyenda ndi mafuta otchedwa hydrail, kuphatikiza ma cell amafuta a hydrogen, mabatire, ndi ma motor traction amagetsi. Mabatire amagetsi ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri pamasitima apamtunda, pomwe ma hydrogen amawotcha mafuta ena otalikirapo. Ndi kuthekera kosintha injini za dizilo, masitima apamtunda a haidrojeni amapereka zochulukira, kuphatikiza kuchepetsedwa kwa ndalama zokonzetsera, kuchulukitsidwa kwa mwayi wantchito, kuwonjezereka kwa anthu, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa hydrogen, kuyendetsa bwino ntchito komanso chuma cha hydrogen.

Nkhani ya sitima ya haidrojeni

Pamene okonza zoyendera akukonza njira za njanji za m'badwo wotsatira, ambiri akuyang'ana kupyola pa masitima apamtunda oyendera dizilo omwe amayendera mabatire amafuta. Hydrail imaphatikiza ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni, mabatire, ndi ma motor traction amagetsi munjira yosakanizidwa. Choyamba, hydrogen imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lamafuta. Kenako, mpweya wa haidrojeniwo umasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ndi ma cell amafuta, omwe kenaka amawalowetsa m’mabatire, kumapereka mphamvu yokhazikika yoyendetsera sitima yapamtunda.

Malinga ndi kampani yofufuza zamphamvu ya BloombergNEF, njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa eni ake a sitima yapamtunda ndikugwiritsa ntchito mabatire amagetsi, kutsatiridwa ndi dizilo, haidrojeni, ndipo pamapeto pake mizere yamagetsi. Masitima apamtunda amagetsi amagetsi awa adzakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri ndi 30 peresenti koma amafunikira kuthandizidwa ndi kukonza pang'ono poyerekeza ndi masitima a dizilo. Lingaliro losintha dizilo ndi mabatire kapena ma cell amafuta limatsimikiziridwa ndi mtunda wa njanji, kukhazikika kwa ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa maimidwe. Pakadali pano, haidrojeni ili ndi mwayi kuposa mafuta ena otalikirapo komanso m'malo omwe amafunikira mphamvu zambiri. 

Ofufuza a Morgan Stanley anena kuti masitima apamtunda a haidrojeni ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwachitukuko ku Europe. Iwo akuneneratu kuti malonda adzakhala ofunika pafupifupi USD $48 biliyoni pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumi. Pofika chaka cha 2030, masitima apamtunda oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni amatha kukhala ndi imodzi mwa masitima khumi aliwonse omwe alibe magetsi. 

Zosokoneza

Kampani yopanga njanji ya Alstom ikuyerekeza kuti masitima apamtunda opitilira 5,000 oyendera dizilo ku Europe afunika kukhala atapuma pofika chaka cha 2035. Kampaniyi inanenanso kuti sitima imodzi mwa zinayi mwa masitima onse a m’derali imayenda ndi mafuta, zomwe zidzathetsedwa pofika pakati pa sitima zapamtunda. zaka zana kukwaniritsa zolinga zanyengo. Panopa bungweli likuwunika momwe likufananira ndi makina omwe akupikisana kuti alowe m'malo mwa dizilo.

Mofananamo, Canadian Pacific Railway inanena kuti idzayesa lingaliro latsopano la sitima ya hydrogen posachedwapa; locomotive yoyendetsa mzere idzakhala yoyamba ku North America ikangowonjezeredwa ndi ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni ndi matekinoloje amakono a batri. Ndalama zothandizira pagulu komanso ndalama zabizinesi zamakampani omwe amafufuza matekinoloje a batri ndi ma hydrogen pamagalimoto akukulanso m'maiko aku Europe. Zofukufuku zomwe zimachokera kuzinthu izi zidzalandiridwa m'makampani a njanji, kutanthauza kuti masitima apamtunda a haidrojeni adzakhala njira yachuma kusiyana ndi dizilo panjira zopanda magetsi pofika m'ma 2030.

Cholinga chanthawi yayitali ndikusinthiratu injini zamasitima a dizilo mu gawo la njanji. Komabe, ngakhale zili zowona kuti masitima apamtunda a haidrojeni amangotulutsa nthunzi wamadzi akamagwira ntchito, sizitanthauza kuti masitima oyendetsedwa ndi hydrogen sakhala opanda mpweya. Pakadali pano, masitima apamtunda oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni amagwiritsa ntchito "grey hydrogen," yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku gasi wachilengedwe ndikutulutsa CO2 panthawi yopanga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti masitima apamtunda oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni kapena ma cell kuti apititse patsogolo mbiri yawo yosamalira zachilengedwe, masitimawa ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito "green hydrogen" yochokera kumagetsi ongowonjezwdwa. 

Zotsatira za masitima apamtunda wa haidrojeni

Zowonjezereka za masitima apamtunda wa haidrojeni zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuchulukirachulukira kwamitengo yamayendedwe anjanji chifukwa chocheperako komanso kusafunikira kwantchito poyerekeza ndi masitima oyendera dizilo.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa njanji zapagulu pakuyenda mtunda wautali chifukwa cha kutsika kwake kwa mpweya wokhudzana ndi maulendo apaulendo ndi apaulendo. 
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mwayi wa ntchito kwa okonza njanji, mainjiniya, ndi akatswiri amanjanji, makamaka popeza maukonde a njanji ku Europe ndi North America akuyenera kukonzedwanso pofika m'ma 2030.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kupezeka ndi kuphweka komwe kumapangitsa kuti anthu akumidzi aziyenda bwino, kuchepetsa kudzipatula komanso kulimbikitsa kuyanjana ndi anthu.
• Mwayi watsopano wa ntchito popanga, kukonza, ndi kugwira ntchito.
• Ndondomeko ndi malamulo owonetsetsa kuti akupanga bwino, kusunga, ndi kugawa mafuta a hydrogen, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe aboma ndi apadera kuti akwaniritse bwino.
• Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wopanga ma haidrojeni, kusungirako, ndi kugawa, kumalimbikitsa luso komanso kulimbikitsa kukula kwachuma chochokera ku haidrojeni.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti chidwi chopanga masitima apamtunda wa haidrojeni chingakhale bwino kupita kumayendedwe ena?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti masitima apamtunda a haidrojeni atha kukhala osalowerera ndale?