Kubwezeretsanso zinyalala za nyukiliya: Kusintha udindo kukhala katundu

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• March 7, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Zinyalala za nyukiliya, zomwe nthawi ina zinali chizindikiro cha kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, zikusinthidwa kukhala gwero lamtengo wapatali pobwezeretsanso, ndikutsegula njira zatsopano zopangira mphamvu. Maiko monga France, Japan, ndi Russia agwiritsa kale ntchito plutonium yobwezeretsanso mphamvu kuti apange mphamvu, kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa zinyalala, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira monga vitrification pakuwongolera zinyalala. Kusinthaku kwa zobwezeretsanso zinyalala za nyukiliya sikungochepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala komanso kulimbikitsa njira zoyendetsera mphamvu zamagetsi ndikupanga umisiri watsopano.

Nkhani yobwezeretsa zinyalala za nyukiliya

Pamene mgwirizano wa sayansi ukukula kuti mphamvu ya nyukiliya ingathandize kwambiri kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo, pakhala kutsindika kwatsopano pakupanga mafuta ndi kafukufuku wozungulira mafuta kuti athandize mbadwo wotsatira wa luso la nyukiliya. Kuganizira kumeneku kumapereka mwayi wopatsanso mphamvu zatsopano zaukadaulo wakumbuyo, zomwe zitha kukhala chinsinsi chothetsa mkangano wandale womwe wakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali wozungulira zinyalala za nyukiliya.

Kuti akwaniritse zolinga zanyengo, dziko lingafunike kukulitsa kwambiri kupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya pazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi. Kusintha momwe anthu amaonera zinyalala za nyukiliya ngati chuma, osati vuto, ndikofunikira kuti mphamvu za nyukiliya zitheke kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuti pakhale mwayi wokhazikitsa zida zatsopano zanyukiliya padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti mayiko ena amaona kuti mafuta a nyukiliya amene anagwiritsidwa ntchito n’ngowonongeka, zinthu zambiri zamafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito zikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso. Pakalipano, ntchito zambiri zobwezeretsanso zakhala zikuyang'ana kwambiri pakuchotsa plutonium ndi uranium, zonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'ma reactors wamba. Plutonium yolekanitsa iyi ndi uranium imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi uranium yatsopano kuti apange ndodo zatsopano zamafuta.

France, Japan, Germany, Belgium, ndi Russia onse agwiritsa ntchito plutonium yobwezeretsanso mphamvu kuti apange mphamvu ndikuchepetsanso zinyalala zomwe zimatuluka. Zina mwazinthu, makamaka zopangidwa ndi fission, zidzafunikabe kutayidwa m'malo osungiramo zinthu ndipo sizikuyenda bwino poziphatikiza ndi galasi munjira yotchedwa vitrification. Njira yotetezeka kwambiri yoyendetsera nthawi yayitali ya zida zotulutsa ma radio ndi kuzisunga kuti zisasungidwe kwathunthu. Izi zitha kuchitika polekanitsa zinyalala kuti zitayidwe nthawi yomweyo ndikubwezeretsanso zotsalazo pogwiritsa ntchito njira za “nthawi yake”.

Zosokoneza 

Kupanga mabatire a diamondi ndi ma polima osamva ma radiation kukuwonetsa kusintha kwakugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kosatha kwa zinyalala za nyukiliya. Njira imeneyi ingachititse kuti zinyalala zonse za nyukiliya zichepe, chifukwa zinthu zimene poyamba zinkaoneka ngati zinyalala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwaphindu. Posandutsa zinyalala kukhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali, maboma ndi mafakitale amatha kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutaya zinyalala ndi kasamalidwe, komanso kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala za nyukiliya popanga matekinoloje atsopano kumatsegula zitseko zamafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zaumoyo, kupanga, ndi zoyendera. Mwachitsanzo, mabatire a diamondi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera akutali kapena osafikirika komwe magwero amagetsi akale sapezeka. Ma polima osamva ma radiation amatha kupeza ntchito pazida zamankhwala kapena zida zamafakitale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zogwira ntchito. 

Pomaliza, kusintha kokonzanso zinyalala za nyukiliya kukuyimira njira yotakata yopita ku njira zodalirika komanso zokhazikika za mphamvu zamagetsi. Njirayi ikugwirizana ndi zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse zochepetsera mpweya wa carbon ndi kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo. Povomereza kukonzanso zinyalala za nyukiliya, anthu atha kupita ku njira yolinganiza komanso yoganizira kwambiri yopangira mphamvu, yomwe imaganizira zofunikira zanthawi yomweyo komanso zolinga zanthawi yayitali za chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Zotsatira zakukonzanso zinyalala za nyukiliya

Zowonjezereka pakubwezeretsanso zinyalala za nyukiliya:

• Kupanga mapulogalamu atsopano ophunzirira kumayang'ana kwambiri paukadaulo wobwezeretsa zinyalala za nyukiliya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale anthu aluso omwe atha kuthandizira makampani omwe akubwerawa.
• Kupanga maudindo apadera pantchito yobwezeretsanso zinyalala za nyukiliya, zomwe zimabweretsa mwayi watsopano wa ntchito komanso kukula kwachuma m'magawo okhala ndi zida zanyukiliya.
• Kusintha kwa malingaliro a anthu ku mphamvu ya nyukiliya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri avomerezedwe ndikuthandizira mphamvu ya nyukiliya ngati gwero lamphamvu komanso lokhazikika.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi mapangano obwezeretsanso zinyalala za nyukiliya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale machitidwe okhazikika komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo okhwima okhudza kasamalidwe ka zinyalala za nyukiliya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale miyezo yapamwamba yamakampani komanso kuyankha mlandu kwa opanga magetsi a nyukiliya.
• Kupanga njira zothetsera mphamvu zamagulu pogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala za nyukiliya zobwezerezedwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ufulu wodziyimira pawokha kwa madera akutali kapena osasungidwa.
• Kuwonjezeka kwamitengo yopangira mphamvu za nyukiliya chifukwa cha ndalama zoyambilira zamakina obwezeretsanso, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zandalama kwakanthawi kwamakampani opanga mphamvu.
• Kuthekera kwa mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi pakupeza matekinoloje obwezeretsa zinyalala za nyukiliya, zomwe zimabweretsa zokambirana ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse.
• Kusintha kwa njira zoyendetsera ndalama kumakampani omwe amagwira ntchito yobwezeretsanso zinyalala za nyukiliya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zatsopano zachuma komanso mwayi kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mayankho okhazikika amagetsi.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti kukonzanso zinyalala za nyukiliya kungasinthe mawonekedwe a nyukiliya?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti kukonzanso zinyalala za nyukiliya n'kwabwino?
• Poganizira magawo onse a mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya nyukiliya, kuchokera ku migodi ya uranium mpaka kuthetsa mphamvu za nyukiliya, kodi mungaganizire mphamvu ya nyukiliya kukhala gwero lokhazikika la mphamvu ya mpweya wochepa?