Mabatire agalimoto amagetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito: goldmine yosagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena gwero lalikulu la e-zinyalala?

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• February 6, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kusintha kwapadziko lonse kumagalimoto amagetsi (EVs), motsogozedwa ndi zovuta zachilengedwe, kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa batire ya lithiamu-ion, komanso kumabweretsa zovuta zatsopano pakuwongolera mabatire omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukwera kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka EV kwalimbikitsa chitukuko cha malo obwezeretsanso mabatire awa, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale bizinesi yatsopano yapadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, matekinoloje aposachedwa obwezeretsanso akukumana ndi zovuta pamtengo komanso kuchita bwino, kutsegulira mwayi wopita patsogolo komwe kungapangitse kukhazikika kwamakampani a EV.

Ntchito mabatire a EV

Kusintha kwa ma EV kwachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwapadziko lonse lapansi zamafuta owopsa ochokera kumagalimoto azikhalidwe. Pazaka khumi zapitazi, kupanga mabatire a lithiamu-ion, chigawo chofunikira kwambiri cha EVs, chakwera ndi gawo la khumi. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito ma EV ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosamalira zachilengedwe poyerekeza ndi magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi ma injini oyatsa, kutaya kwa mabatire akale a EV kumabweretsa zovuta zake zachilengedwe.

Ngati sanasamalidwe bwino, mabatire ogwiritsidwa ntchitowa amatha kuwononga zinyalala zamagetsi. Kutaya mabatire m'malo otayiramo kutha kupangitsa kuti chilengedwe chitulutse mankhwala oopsa komanso zitsulo zolemera kwambiri, osatchulanso kuwononga zinthu zopanda malire. M'mbuyomu, kubwezeretsanso mabatire a EV kunali kovuta kwambiri chifukwa chosowa njira ndi zida zoyenera. Komabe, mu 2021, kufunikira kwamphamvu kwapadziko lonse kwa ma EV kudapangitsa kuti pakhale malo atsopano opangira zida za batri ya EV m'misika yayikulu. 

Pamene funde loyamba la ma EV ogula likufika kumapeto kwa moyo wawo wa batri, kufunikira kwa mayankho ogwira mtima obwezeretsanso kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Pozindikira izi, makampani omwe ali m'misika yayikulu, kuphatikiza Asia, Oceania, Europe, ndi North America, akulimbana ndi vutoli. Akupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zobwezeretsanso kuti athe kusamalira kuchuluka kwa mabatire a EV omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. 

Zosokoneza

Mchitidwe wokonzanso mabatire a EV ukhoza kupangitsa kuti pakhale bizinesi yatsopano yapadziko lonse lapansi. Maboma padziko lonse lapansi akupitiliza kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma EVs, kufunikira kwa mayankho obwezeretsanso mabatire kudzangokulirakulira, zomwe zipangitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo ambiri obwezeretsanso mabatire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lopanga ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kukwera kwa ma EV kudzafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa maukonde othamangitsa ambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa mwayi wantchito pakumanga, kukonza, ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, pokonzanso zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mu mabatire a EV, titha kuchepetsa kuwononga kwanthawi yayitali kwa magalimotowa. Njira yopezeranso zinthu zachilengedwe zochepa monga mkuwa, nickel, cobalt, graphite, ndi lithiamu kuchokera ku mabatire omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito angapangitse makampani a EV kukhala okhazikika. Njirayi sikuti imangochepetsa kufunika kwa ntchito zatsopano zamigodi komanso imachepetsanso kayendedwe ka chilengedwe ka ma EV pa moyo wawo wonse.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti matekinoloje apano omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsanso mabatire ali ndi zovuta zawo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo, osagwira ntchito bwino, komanso osakonda zachilengedwe monga momwe angakhalire. Izi zikupereka mwayi wapadera kwa asayansi, mainjiniya, ndi akatswiri aukadaulo kuti apange njira zowongolera zobwezeretsanso.

Zotsatira za mabatire a EV ogwiritsidwa ntchito

Zotsatira zazikulu zamabatire a EV omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito zingaphatikizepo:

• Mwayi wofufuza womwe umakulitsa luso la njira zopangira zinthu, kapena kufufuza njira zokhazikika zotayira zinyalala pakompyuta.
• Chitukuko cha malo odzipereka kwa processing ntchito mabatire lifiyamu-ion, komanso mapulani apadera ndi njira kwa malo amenewa.
• Kutenganso zitsulo zolemera ndi zipangizo zina kuchokera ku mabatire, ndikuzibwezeretsanso kumaketani am'deralo ndi am'madera, motero kumapangitsa opanga mabatire a EV kuti asamadalire kwambiri katundu wochokera kunja.
• Makampani obwezeretsanso mabatire amamanga mgwirizano ndi opanga m'mafakitale ena aukadaulo ndikuwapatsa zida zobwezerezedwanso.
• Ma recyclers amawulutsa makampeni odziwitsa anthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa ogula kutaya zida zawo (monga mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zilinso ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion) mosamala kwambiri. Zidazi zitha kusonkhanitsidwa ndi makampani obwezeretsanso ndikuwonjezedwa kuzinthu zawo.
• Mapulogalamu atsopano a maphunziro ndi mwayi wophunzira ntchito, kukonzekeretsa mbadwo wotsatira ndi luso lofunika kuti ligwire ntchito m'makampani omwe akubwerawa.
• Malamulo atsopano owonetsetsa kuti machitidwe otetezeka ndi otetezeka ku chilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makampani azikhala ovomerezeka komanso ovomerezeka.
• Kutsika kwamitengo yonse ya ma EV, kuwapangitsa kukhala ofikirika ndi anthu ambiri ndikufulumizitsa kusintha kwamayendedwe oyeretsa.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi tili patali bwanji ndi makampani opanga ma EV a carbon-neutral, ponena za zinyalala zomwe zimapanga?
• Kuwona ngati ochita kafukufuku akufunafuna njira zosinthira cobalt - chitsulo chamtengo wapatali kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mabatire a lithiamu-ion-kodi kudzaonedwa kuti n'koyenera kukonzanso mabatire ngati cobalt itachotsedwa pa chithunzicho?
• Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani kuti muchepetse chopinga chachikulu mumakampani obwezeretsanso mabatire a EV - kutumiza mabatire - omwe amadziwika kuti ndi owopsa m'malo ambiri?