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Tsanzikanani ndi mbewa yanu ndi kiyibodi, mawonekedwe atsopano ogwiritsa ntchito kuti afotokozenso umunthu: Tsogolo la makompyuta P1

David Tal, Wofalitsa, Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
LinkedIn

Lachiwiri, 09/15/2020 - 10:46

Choyamba, anali nkhonya makadi; ndiye inali mbewa yodziwika bwino ndi kiyibodi. Zida ndi machitidwe omwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuti tigwirizane ndi makompyuta ndizomwe zimatilola kulamulira ndi kumanga dziko lozungulira ife m'njira zomwe makolo athu sankaziganizira. Tapita kutali kuti titsimikizire, koma zikafika pa gawo la mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito (UI, njira zomwe timagwirizanitsa ndi makompyuta), sitinawone kalikonse.

Ena anganene kuti ndizosamvetseka kuyambitsa mndandanda wathu wa Tsogolo la Makompyuta ndi mutu wonena za UI, koma ndi momwe timagwiritsira ntchito makompyuta omwe angapereke tanthauzo kuzinthu zatsopano zomwe tikuphunzira m'nkhani zina zonse.

Nthaŵi zonse pamene anthu anatulukira njira yatsopano yolankhulirana—kaya kulankhula, kulemba mawu, makina osindikizira mabuku, foni, Intaneti—chitaganya chathu chogwirizana chinakula ndi malingaliro atsopano, mitundu yatsopano ya anthu, ndi mafakitale atsopano. Zaka khumi zikubwerazi zikhala ndi chisinthiko chotsatira, kuchuluka kwachulukidwe kotsatira mukulankhulana ndi kulumikizana, kulumikizidwa kwathunthu ndi mitundu ingapo yamakompyuta am'tsogolo ... ndipo zitha kungosintha zomwe kutanthauza kukhala munthu.

Kodi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito 'abwino' ndi chiyani?

Nyengo yopeka, kukanikiza, ndi kusuntha pamakompyuta kuti achite zomwe tinkafuna idayamba zaka khumi zapitazo. Kwa ambiri, idayamba ndi iPod. Pomwe tinkakonda kudina, kulemba, ndi kukanikiza mabatani olimba kuti tilankhule zofuna zathu kumakina, iPod idakulitsa lingaliro la kusuntha kumanzere kapena kumanja mozungulira kuti musankhe nyimbo yomwe mukufuna kumvera.

Mafoni am'manja a touchscreen adalowa pamsika posakhalitsa, ndikuyambitsa maulamuliro ena angapo owoneka ngati poke (kuyerekeza kukanikiza batani), kutsina (kutulutsa ndi kutuluka), atolankhani, gwirani ndikukoka. Malamulo a tactilewa adadziwika mwachangu pakati pa anthu pazifukwa zingapo: Anali atsopano. Ana onse ozizira (odziwika) anali kuchita. Tekinoloje ya touchscreen idakhala yotsika mtengo komanso yodziwika bwino. Koma koposa zonse, mayendedwe adamva mwachilengedwe, mwachilengedwe.

Izi ndi zomwe UI yabwino yamakompyuta imafunikira: Kupanga njira zachilengedwe zogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu ndi zida. Ndipo ndiye mfundo yayikulu yomwe ingatsogolere zida zamtsogolo za UI zomwe mukufuna kuphunzira.

Kupopa, kukaniza, ndi kusuntha pamlengalenga

Pofika chaka cha 2018, mafoni a m'manja alowa m'malo mwa mafoni odziwika bwino m'maiko ambiri otukuka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti gawo lalikulu la dziko lapansi tsopano likudziwa malamulo osiyanasiyana okhudza tactile omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa. Kupyolera mu mapulogalamu ndi masewera, ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja aphunzira maluso osiyanasiyana osamvetsetseka kuti athe kuwongolera makompyuta apamwamba omwe amakhala m'matumba awo.

Ndi luso limeneli lomwe lidzakonzekeretse ogula ku funde lotsatira la zipangizo-zida zomwe zingatithandize kugwirizanitsa dziko la digito ndi malo athu enieni. Choncho tiyeni tione zina mwa zida zomwe tidzagwiritse ntchito poyendetsa dziko lathu lamtsogolo.

Kuwongolera kwa manja otseguka. Pofika chaka cha 2018, tikadali muzaka zazing'ono za touch control. Timakankhirabe, kutsina, ndikusintha moyo wathu wam'manja. Koma kuwongolera kukhudzako pang'onopang'ono kukupereka njira ku mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe otseguka. Kwa osewera kunja uko, kuyanjana kwanu koyamba ndi izi mwina kunali kusewera masewera a Nintendo Wii owonjezera kapena masewera a Xbox Kinect - zotonthoza zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wojambula kuti ugwirizane ndi mayendedwe a osewera ndi ma avatar amasewera.

Chabwino, chatekinoloje ichi sichimangokhalira kumasewera apakanema komanso kupanga mafilimu obiriwira, posachedwa ilowa msika wamagetsi ogula ambiri. Chitsanzo chimodzi chochititsa chidwi cha momwe izi zingawonekere ndi ntchito ya Google yotchedwa Project Soli (onani kanema wake wodabwitsa komanso wamfupi Pano). Madivelopa a pulojekitiyi amagwiritsa ntchito radar yaying'ono kuyang'anira mayendedwe abwino a dzanja lanu ndi zala zanu kuti ayese kugwedeza, kutsina, ndi swipe panja m'malo moyang'ana sikirini. Uwu ndi mtundu waukadaulo womwe umathandizira kuti zobvala zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso zowoneka bwino kwa omvera ambiri.

Mawonekedwe atatu-dimensional. Kutengera kuwongolera kwapanjaku mopitilira munjira yake yachilengedwe, pofika m'ma 2020s, titha kuwona mawonekedwe apakompyuta apakompyuta - kiyibodi yodalirika ndi mbewa - pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa mawonekedwe, mwanjira yomweyi yodziwika ndi kanema, Minority. Report. M'malo mwake, John Underkoffler, wofufuza wa UI, mlangizi wa sayansi, komanso woyambitsa mawonekedwe a holographic gesture kuchokera ku Minority Report, pakali pano akugwira ntchito Baibulo lenilenilo-ukadaulo womwe amawutchula ngati malo ogwiritsira ntchito makina amunthu. (Ayenera kubwera ndi mawu omveka bwino a izi.)

Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu, tsiku lina mudzakhala kapena kuyimirira kutsogolo kwa chiwonetsero chachikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito manja osiyanasiyana kulamula kompyuta yanu. Zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri (onani ulalo pamwambapa), koma momwe mungaganizire, manja atha kukhala abwino kulumpha mawayilesi a TV, kuloza / kudina maulalo, kapena kupanga mitundu itatu, koma sizingagwire ntchito bwino polemba nthawi yayitali. zolemba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake monga luso la manja lotseguka likuphatikizidwa pang'onopang'ono muzinthu zamagetsi zowonjezereka, zikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi zowonjezera za UI monga lamulo lapamwamba la mawu ndi teknoloji yotsata iris.

Inde, kiyibodi yodzichepetsa, yakuthupi ikhoza kukhalabe mpaka 2020s.

Ma holograms a haptic. Mahologalamu omwe tawawonapo patokha kapena m'mafilimu amakhala ngati mawonekedwe a 2D kapena 3D a kuwala komwe kumawonetsa zinthu kapena anthu akuyendayenda mumlengalenga. Zomwe ziwonetsero zonsezi zimafanana ndikuti ngati mutafikira kuti muwagwire, mumangopeza mpweya wochepa. Izi sizikhala choncho pofika pakati pa 2020s.

Zamakono zatsopano (onani zitsanzo: chimodzi ndi awiri) akupangidwa kuti apange ma hologram omwe mungathe kukhudza (kapena kutsanzira kukhudza, mwachitsanzo, ma haptics). Malingana ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kaya ndi mafunde akupanga kapena plasma projection, haptic holograms idzatsegula makampani atsopano azinthu zamakono zomwe tingagwiritse ntchito m'dziko lenileni.

Ganizirani izi, m'malo mwa kiyibodi yakuthupi, mutha kukhala ndi holographic yomwe ingakupatseni chidwi chojambula, kulikonse komwe mwayima m'chipinda. Tekinoloje iyi ndiyomwe idzakulitsa Ochepa Lipoti lotseguka ndipo mwina kutha zaka zamakompyuta achikhalidwe.

Tangoganizani izi: M'malo monyamula laputopu yokulirapo, tsiku lina mutha kunyamula kachikwama kakang'ono (mwina kakang'ono ka hard drive kakunja) kamene kakhoza kuwonetsa chinsalu chojambula ndi hologram ya kiyibodi. Kutengerapo gawo limodzi, lingalirani ofesi yokhala ndi desiki ndi mpando, ndiye ndi lamulo losavuta la mawu, ofesi yonse imadzipangira yokha kuzungulira inu - malo ogwirira ntchito a holographic, zokongoletsera zapakhoma, zomera, ndi zina zotero. Kugula mipando kapena zokongoletsera m'tsogolomu. zitha kuphatikiza kupita ku malo ogulitsira mapulogalamu komanso kupita ku Ikea.

Kulankhula ndi wothandizira wanu weniweni

Pamene tikulingalira pang'onopang'ono touch UI, mawonekedwe atsopano komanso owonjezera a UI akuwoneka omwe angamveke bwino kwambiri kwa munthu wamba: zolankhula.

Amazon idachita chidwi ndi chikhalidwe chake ndikutulutsa makina ake othandizira anthu anzeru (AI), Alexa, ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zothandizira kunyumba zomwe zidatulutsidwa ndi mawu. Google, yemwe akuyenera kukhala mtsogoleri wa AI, adathamangira kutsata zomwe zidapangidwa ndi othandizira kunyumba. Ndipo palimodzi, mpikisano wophatikizika wa mabiliyoni ambiri pakati pa zimphona ziwiri zaukadaulo zadzetsa kuvomereza kwachangu, kufalikira kwa mawu, zinthu za AI ndi othandizira pakati pa msika wogula wamba. Ndipo ngakhale akadali masiku oyambilira aukadaulo uwu, kukula koyambirira kumeneku sikuyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Kaya mumakonda Amazon's Alexa, Google Assistant, iPhone's Siri, kapena Windows Cortana, mautumikiwa adapangidwa kuti akuloleni kuti mulumikizane ndi foni yanu kapena chipangizo chanu chanzeru ndikupeza banki yazidziwitso pa intaneti ndi malamulo osavuta apamawu, ndikuwuza 'othandizira enieni' awa. mukufuna.

Ndi ntchito yodabwitsa ya uinjiniya. Ndipo ngakhale sizili bwino, ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo mwachangu; mwachitsanzo, Google analengeza mu Meyi 2015 kuti luso lake lozindikira mawu tsopano lili ndi chiwerengero cha zolakwika zisanu ndi zitatu zokha, ndikucheperachepera. Mukaphatikiza chiwopsezo chotsika ichi ndi zatsopano zazikulu zomwe zikuchitika ndi ma microchips ndi cloud computing (zomwe zafotokozedwa m'mitu yomwe ikubwerayi), titha kuyembekezera kuti othandizira enieni adzakhala olondola pofika 2020.

Ngakhale zili bwino, othandizira omwe akupangidwa pakadali pano sangomvetsetsa zolankhula zanu bwino, komanso amvetsetsa zomwe zikuyambitsa mafunso omwe mumafunsa; adzazindikira zizindikiro zosalunjika zoperekedwa ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu ako; Adzakhalanso ndi inu pazokambirana zazitali, masewera-style.

Ponseponse, othandizira kuzindikira mawu adzakhala njira yoyamba yomwe timapezera pa intaneti pazofuna zathu zatsiku ndi tsiku. Pakadali pano, mawonekedwe amtundu wa UI omwe adawunikidwa m'mbuyomu atha kulamulira zosangalatsa zathu komanso zochitika za digito zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri ntchito. Koma uku sikutha kwa ulendo wathu wa UI, kutali ndi iwo.

Wearables

Sitingathe kukambirana za UI popanda kutchulanso zovala—zida zomwe mumavala kapena kuziyika m'thupi lanu kuti zikuthandizeni kucheza ndi anthu padziko lapansi. Monga othandizira mawu, zipangizozi zidzathandizanso momwe timachitira ndi malo a digito; tidzawagwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zinazake. Komabe, popeza tinalemba mutu wonse wa zobvala mwa ife Tsogolo la intaneti mndandanda, sitilowa mwatsatanetsatane apa.

Kuonjezera zenizeni zathu

Kupita patsogolo, kuphatikiza matekinoloje onse omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndi zenizeni zenizeni komanso zowonjezereka.

Pamulingo woyambira, augmented reality (AR) ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kusinthira digito kapena kukulitsa momwe mumaonera dziko lenileni (ganizirani zosefera za Snapchat). Izi siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi zenizeni zenizeni (VR), pomwe dziko lenileni limasinthidwa ndi dziko loyerekeza. Ndi AR, tiwona dziko lotizungulira kudzera muzosefera zosiyanasiyana ndi zigawo zokhala ndi zambiri zomwe zingatithandize kuyang'ana dziko lathu munthawi yeniyeni komanso (mosakayikira) kukulitsa zenizeni zathu. Tiyeni tifufuze mwachidule zonsezi, kuyambira ndi VR.

Zowona zenizeni. Pamlingo woyambira, zenizeni zenizeni (VR) ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kupanga digito chinyengo chozama komanso chokhutiritsa cha zenizeni. Ndipo mosiyana ndi AR, yomwe pakali pano (2018) ili ndi zovuta zambiri zaukadaulo komanso zachikhalidwe isanavomerezedwe pamsika, VR yakhalapo kwazaka zambiri pachikhalidwe chodziwika bwino. Taziwonapo m'makanema ndi makanema apawailesi yakanema osiyanasiyana azamtsogolo. Ambiri aife tayeseranso mitundu yakale ya VR m'mabwalo akale komanso misonkhano yokhudzana ndiukadaulo ndi ziwonetsero zamalonda.

Chosiyana ndi nthawi ino ndikuti ukadaulo wamakono wa VR ndiwopezeka kuposa kale. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa matekinoloje ofunikira osiyanasiyana (omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafoni a m'manja), mtengo wa mahedifoni a VR wakwera mpaka pomwe makampani opanga mphamvu monga Facebook, Sony, ndi Google tsopano akutulutsa chaka chilichonse mahedifoni a VR okwera mtengo kwa anthu ambiri.

Izi zikuyimira kuyambika kwa njira yatsopano yogulitsira anthu ambiri, yomwe pang'onopang'ono idzakopa masauzande ambiri opanga mapulogalamu ndi ma hardware. M'malo mwake, pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2020, mapulogalamu ndi masewera a VR azitsitsa kwambiri kuposa mapulogalamu am'manja achikhalidwe.

Maphunziro, maphunziro a ntchito, misonkhano yamalonda, zokopa alendo, masewera, ndi zosangalatsa - izi ndi zochepa chabe mwa mapulogalamu ambiri otchipa, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso VR yowona angathe kupititsa patsogolo (ngati sikusokoneza). Komabe, mosiyana ndi zomwe tawona m'mabuku ndi makanema a sci-fi, tsogolo lomwe anthu amakhala tsiku lonse mu VR worlds lili kutali ndi zaka zambiri. Izi zati, zomwe tikhala tsiku lonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito AR.

Chowonadi chowonjezereka. Monga tanenera kale, cholinga cha AR ndikuchita ngati fyuluta ya digito pamwamba pa momwe mumaonera dziko lenileni. Mukayang'ana malo omwe mumakhala, AR imatha kukulitsa kapena kusintha momwe mumaonera malo anu kapena kukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira komanso chofunikira chomwe chingakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino malo omwe mumakhala. Kuti muwone bwino momwe izi zingawonekere, onani mavidiyo omwe ali pansipa:

Kanema woyamba adachokera kwa mtsogoleri yemwe akutuluka ku AR, Magic Leap:

Chotsatira, ndi filimu yayifupi (6 min) yochokera kwa Keiichi Matsuda ya momwe AR ingawonekere pofika m'ma 2030:

Kuchokera pamakanema omwe ali pamwambapa, mutha kulingalira kuchuluka kwanthawi zonse kwa mapulogalamu a AR tech tsiku lina adzathandiza, ndipo ndichifukwa chake osewera ambiri aukadaulo—Google, apulo, Facebook, Microsoft, Baidu, Intel, ndi zina zambiri-akuika kale ndalama zambiri ku kafukufuku wa AR.

Kumanga pamawonekedwe a holographic ndi otseguka omwe tafotokoza kale, AR pamapeto pake idzathetsa njira zambiri zamakompyuta zomwe ogula adakula nazo mpaka pano. Mwachitsanzo, bwanji kukhala ndi laputopu kapena laputopu pomwe mutha kutsika pa magalasi a AR ndikuwona pakompyuta kapena laputopu ikuwonekera patsogolo panu. Momwemonso, magalasi anu a AR (ndipo kenako Ma lens a AR) adzachotsa foni yanu yam'manja. O, ndipo tisaiwale za ma TV anu. Mwanjira ina, zida zambiri zamakono zamakono zidzasinthidwa kukhala pulogalamu.

Makampani omwe amagulitsa ndalama mwachangu kuti athe kuwongolera machitidwe amtsogolo a AR kapena malo a digito adzasokoneza bwino ndikuwongolera gawo lalikulu lamagetsi masiku ano. Kumbali, AR idzakhalanso ndi ntchito zingapo zamabizinesi m'magawo monga chisamaliro chaumoyo, kapangidwe kake / kamangidwe, kasamalidwe, kupanga, zankhondo, ndi zina zambiri, mapulogalamu omwe timakambirana nawo mu Tsogolo lathu lapaintaneti.

Ndipo komabe, apa sipamene tsogolo la UI likutha.

Lowetsani Matrix okhala ndi Brain-Computer Interface

Palinso njira ina yolankhulirana yomwe imakhala yodziwika bwino komanso yachilengedwe kuposa kusuntha, kulankhula, ndi AR pankhani yowongolera makina: kuganiza palokha.

Sayansi iyi ndi gawo la bioelectronics lotchedwa Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chojambulira ubongo kapena implant kuti muyang'ane mafunde a ubongo wanu ndi kuwagwirizanitsa ndi malamulo olamulira chilichonse chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi kompyuta.

M'malo mwake, mwina simunazindikire, koma masiku oyambilira a BCI ayamba kale. Anthu odulidwa ziwalo tsopano kuyesa miyendo ya robotic kulamuliridwa mwachindunji ndi maganizo, m’malo mogwiritsa ntchito masensa amene amamangiriridwa ku chitsa cha mwini wake. Momwemonso, anthu olumala kwambiri (monga anthu omwe ali ndi quadriplegia) ali pano kugwiritsa ntchito BCI kuyendetsa njinga zawo za olumala ndikuwongolera zida za robotic. Koma kuthandiza anthu odulidwa ziwalo ndi olumala kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha si kuchuluka kwa zomwe BCI ingathe kuchita. Nawu mndandanda wachidule wa zoyeserera zomwe zikuchitika:

Kulamulira zinthu. Ochita kafukufuku awonetsa bwino momwe BCI ingalolere ogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera ntchito zapakhomo (zowunikira, makatani, kutentha), komanso zida zina ndi magalimoto. Penyani vidiyo yachiwonetsero.

Kulamulira nyama. Labu idayesa bwino kuyesa kwa BCI komwe munthu adatha kupanga khoswe akusuntha mchira wake pogwiritsa ntchito maganizo ake okha.

Ubongo-ku-lemba. Munthu wopuwala adagwiritsa ntchito choyikapo muubongo kulemba mawu asanu ndi atatu pamphindi. Pakali pano, magulu mu US ndi Germany akupanga dongosolo lomwe limasiyanitsa mafunde aubongo (malingaliro) kukhala mawu. Kuyesera koyambirira kwakhala kopambana, ndipo akuyembekeza kuti lusoli silingangothandiza anthu wamba komanso kupereka anthu olumala kwambiri (monga katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi, Stephen Hawking) kuti athe kulankhulana ndi dziko mosavuta.

Ubongo-ku-ubongo. Gulu lapadziko lonse la asayansi linatha kutsanzira telepathy mwa kukhala ndi munthu m'modzi wochokera ku India kuganiza mawu oti "hello," ndipo kudzera mu BCI, mawuwo adasinthidwa kuchokera ku mafunde aubongo kupita ku ma code binary, kenako adatumizidwa ku France, komwe kachidindo kameneka kanasinthidwa kukhala mafunde a ubongo, kuti azindikire . Kulankhulana kwaubongo ndi ubongo, anthu!

Kujambula maloto ndi kukumbukira. Ofufuza ku Berkeley, California, apita patsogolo modabwitsa kusuntha kwa ubongo kukhala zithunzi. Mitu yoyesedwa idaperekedwa ndi zithunzi zingapo pomwe idalumikizidwa ndi masensa a BCI. Zithunzi zomwezi kenako zidapangidwanso pakompyuta. Zithunzi zomwe zidamangidwanso zinali zowoneka bwino kwambiri koma zitaperekedwa zaka khumi zachitukuko, umboni wamalingalirowo tsiku lina utilola kusiya kamera yathu ya GoPro kapena kujambula maloto athu.

Tikhala afiti, mukuti?

Poyamba, tidzagwiritsa ntchito zida zakunja za BCI zomwe zimawoneka ngati chisoti kapena chomangira tsitsi (2030s) zomwe pamapeto pake zidzapereka m'malo mwa ma implants muubongo (mochedwa-2040s). Pamapeto pake, zida za BCI izi zidzalumikiza malingaliro athu kumtambo wa digito ndipo pambuyo pake zidzakhala ngati gawo lachitatu m'malingaliro athu - kotero pomwe ma hemispheres athu akumanzere ndi kumanja amayang'anira luso lathu komanso luso lathu loganiza bwino, dziko latsopanoli, lodyetsedwa ndi mitambo lithandizira luso. kumene anthu nthawi zambiri amalephera kufanana ndi anzawo a AI, omwe ndi liwiro, kubwerezabwereza, ndi kulondola.

BCI ndiyofunikira pa gawo lomwe likubwera la neurotechnology lomwe likufuna kuphatikiza malingaliro athu ndi makina kuti tipeze mphamvu zamayiko onsewa. Ndiko kulondola aliyense, pofika zaka za m'ma 2030 ndi kukhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2040, anthu adzagwiritsa ntchito BCI kukweza ubongo wathu komanso kulankhulana wina ndi mzake ndi zinyama, kuyang'anira makompyuta ndi zamagetsi, kugawana zikumbukiro ndi maloto, ndikuyendayenda pa intaneti.

Ndikudziwa zomwe mukuganiza: Inde, izo zinakula mofulumira.

Koma mosangalatsa monga momwe kupititsa patsogolo kwa UI kuliri, sikungatheke popanda kupita patsogolo kosangalatsa pamapulogalamu apakompyuta ndi zida. Zopambana izi ndi zomwe ena onse mumndandanda wa Tsogolo la Makompyuta awunika.