Kupanga m'badwo wa anthu opangidwa ndi bioengineered

Kupanga m'badwo wa anthu opangidwa ndi bioengineered
ZITHUNZI CREDIT:  

Kupanga m'badwo wa anthu opangidwa ndi bioengineered

    • Name Author
      Adeola Onafuwa
    • Wolemba Twitter Handle
      @deola_O

    Nkhani yonse (GWIRITSANI NTCHITO batani la 'Paste From Word' kuti kukopera ndi kumata mawu kuchokera mu Word doc)

    "Tsopano tikupanga mwachidwi ndikusintha mawonekedwe achilengedwe omwe amakhala padziko lapansi." -Paul Root Wolpe.  

    Kodi mungapange zosintha za mwana wanu? Kodi mungafune kuti iye akhale wamtali, wathanzi, wanzeru, wabwinoko?

    Bioengineering yakhala gawo la moyo wa anthu kwa zaka mazana ambiri. 4000 - 2000 BC ku Egypt, bioengineering idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kufufumitsa mkate ndi kupesa moŵa pogwiritsa ntchito yisiti. Mu 1322, kalonga wina wachiarabu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito umuna wochita kupanga kupanga akavalo apamwamba. Pofika m'chaka cha 1761, tinakhala bwino kuswa mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

    Anthu adadumphadumpha kwambiri pa Julayi 5, 1996 ku Roslin Institute ku Scotland komwe Dolly nkhosa adalengedwa ndikukhala choyamwitsa choyamba kupangidwa bwino kuchokera m'selo lachikulire. Patatha zaka ziwiri, tinakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kufufuza dziko la mbewa zomwe zinachititsa kuti ng'ombe iyambe kupangidwa kuchokera ku selo la fetal, kupangidwa kwa mbuzi kuchokera ku selo la embryonic cell, kupanga mibadwo itatu ya mbewa kuchokera kumagulu akuluakulu a ovarian. cumulus, ndi kupangidwa kwa Noto ndi Kaga - ng'ombe zoyamba kupanga kuchokera ku maselo akuluakulu.

    Tinali kupita patsogolo mofulumira. Mwina mofulumira kwambiri. Mofulumira mpaka pano, ndipo dziko lapansi likuyang'anizana ndi kuthekera kodabwitsa pankhani ya bioengineering. Chiyembekezo chopanga makanda ndi chimodzi mwazodabwitsa kwambiri. Asayansi amatsutsa kuti kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamoyo kwapereka mipata yofunika kwambiri yolimbana ndi matenda oika moyo pachiswe. Sikuti matenda ena ndi ma virus okha angachiritsidwe, amatha kupewedwa kuti asawonekere mwa omwe ali nawo.

    Tsopano, kudzera mu njira yotchedwa germline therapy, makolo omwe angakhale makolo ali ndi mwayi wosintha DNA ya ana awo ndikuletsa kusamutsa majini akupha. Mofananamo, makolo ena amasautsa ana awo ndi zofooka zinazake, monga momwe zingaonekere zosamvetsetseka. The New York Times inafalitsa nkhani yatsatanetsatane yofotokoza mmene makolo ena amasankhira mwadala majini osagwira ntchito bwino omwe amabweretsa zolemala monga kusamva ndi kukhala zazing’ono kuti zithandize kubereka ana mofanana ndi makolo awo. Kodi iyi ndi ntchito yamwano yomwe imalimbikitsa kulumala mwadala kwa ana, kapena ndi dalitso kwa oyembekezera kukhala makolo ndi ana awo?

    Abiola Ogungbemile, katswiri wa zachipatala yemwe amagwira ntchito pachipatala cha Ana ku Eastern Ontario, anafotokoza maganizo osiyanasiyana ponena za ntchito ya bioengineering: “Nthaŵi zina, sumadziŵa kumene kufufuza kungakufikitseni. kwenikweni kumaphatikizapo kusankha choipa chochepa. Ndiwo moyo. Ogungbemile anatsindikanso kuti ngakhale bioengineering ndi biomedical engineering ndi machitidwe osiyana, "payenera kukhala malire ndipo payenera kukhala dongosolo" lotsogolera ntchito za madera onsewa.

    Zochitika Padziko Lonse

    Lingaliro lopanga anthu molingana ndi zomwe amakonda ladzetsa mantha, chiyembekezo, kunyansidwa, chisokonezo, mantha ndi mpumulo padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe anthu ena akufuna kuti pakhale malamulo okhwima owongolera kachitidwe ka bioengineering, makamaka okhudza umuna wa m'mimba. Kodi ndife opusa kapena pali chifukwa chenicheni chodzidzimutsa pamalingaliro opanga "makanda opanga?"

    Boma la China layamba kuchitapo kanthu kuti likwaniritse cholinga chake chopanga mamapu atsatanetsatane amtundu wa anthu anzeru. Izi zikanakhudza mosapeŵeka dongosolo lachirengedwe ndi kulinganiza kwa kagaŵidwe ka nzeru. Ndi kuyesa mwadala, osaganizira za makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe abwino, ndipo ndi China Development Bank ikuthandizira ntchitoyi ndi ndalama zokwana madola 1.5 biliyoni, titha kukhala otsimikiza kuti kwangotsala nthawi kuti tiwone nyengo yatsopano yanzeru kwambiri. anthu.

    Zoonadi, ofooka ndi opanda mwayi pakati pathu angakumane ndi zovuta zambiri ndi tsankho chifukwa cha zotsatira zake. Katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo komanso mkulu wa bungwe la Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, James Hughes, ananena kuti makolo ali ndi ufulu ndiponso ufulu wosankha makhalidwe a mwana wawo, kaya akhale odzola kapena ayi. Mtsutso uwu wakhazikitsidwa pa lingaliro lakuti chikhumbo chachikulu cha mtundu wa anthu ndicho kupeza ungwiro ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.

    Ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa chitukuko cha anthu komanso maphunziro apamwamba a ana kuti athe kukhala ndi mwayi pakati pa anthu. Ana amalembetsa maphunziro a nyimbo, mapulogalamu a masewera, makalabu a chess, masukulu a luso; awa ndi zoyesayesa za makolo kuthandiza ana awo kupita patsogolo m’moyo. James Hughes akukhulupirira kuti zimenezi n’zosiyana ndi kusintha chibadwa cha chibadwa cha khanda ndi kuloŵetsamo mikhalidwe yosankha imene ingalimbikitse kukula kwa mwanayo. Ndi ndalama zopulumutsa nthawi ndipo makolo omwe angakhale akupereka chiyambi cha moyo kwa ana awo.

    Komana mutu uwu ukutanthauza chiyani kwa anthu ena onse? Kodi zimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha anthu a Eugenic? Titha kukulitsa tsankho pakati pa olemera ndi osauka chifukwa njira yosinthira ma genetic mosakayika ingakhale chinthu chosangalatsa chomwe anthu ambiri padziko lapansi sakanakwanitsa. Titha kukumana ndi nthawi yatsopano pomwe olemera amakhala ndi ndalama zabwino zokha, komanso ana awo atha kukhala ndi mwayi wosiyana kwambiri wakuthupi ndi wamaganizidwe - apamwamba osinthidwa motsutsana ndi otsika osasinthidwa.

    Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zamakhalidwe ndi sayansi? Ukatswiri wa anthu pazofuna zamunthu ndiukadaulo wopitilira muyeso, malinga ndi a Marcy Darnovsky, wotsogolera wamkulu wa Center for Genetics and Society. "Sitidzatha kudziwa ngati zili zotetezeka popanda kuyesa anthu molakwika. Ndipo ngati zikugwira ntchito, lingaliro lakuti likhoza kupezeka kwa aliyense ndilofunika kwambiri."

    Richard Hayes, mkulu wa bungwe la Center for Genetics and Society, akuvomereza kuti zotengera zaukadaulo pazamankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito zamankhwala zitha kufooketsa anthu ndikupanga mpikisano wa makoswe aukadaulo. Koma chinyengo chobadwa asanabadwe chachititsa kuti ana 30 abereke pakati pa 1997-2003. Ndi njira yomwe imaphatikiza DNA ya anthu atatu: mayi, bambo ndi wopereka wamkazi. Imasintha chibadwa mwa kusintha majini akupha ndi majini opanda matenda kuchokera kwa wopereka, kulola khanda kusunga mawonekedwe ake akuthupi kuchokera kwa makolo ake pamene ali ndi DNA ya anthu onse atatu.

    Mtundu wamunthu wopangidwa ndi majini sungakhale kutali. Tiyenera kukhala osamala popita patsogolo pamene tikukambirana za chikhumbo chachilengedwechi chofuna kuwongolera ndi ungwiro kudzera m'njira zowoneka ngati zosakhala zachibadwa.