Quantumrun

ZITHUNZI CREDIT:

iStock

Anthu apamwamba a CRISPR: Kodi ungwiro ndi wotheka komanso wakhalidwe labwino?

Kuwongolera kwaposachedwa muukadaulo wa majini kukusokoneza mzere pakati pa chithandizo ndi zowonjezera kuposa kale.

Author:
Dzina la wolemba
Quantumrun Foresight
January 2, 2023

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kukonzanso kwa CRISPR-Cas9 mu 2014 kuti ikwaniritse molondola ndi "kukonza" kapena kusintha matsatidwe apadera a DNA kunasintha gawo la kusintha kwa majini. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kumeneku kwadzutsanso mafunso okhudza makhalidwe abwino ndiponso mmene anthu ayenera kukhalira akamakonza majini.

CRISPR nkhani yoposa umunthu

CRISPR ndi gulu la ma DNA omwe amapezeka mu mabakiteriya omwe amawathandiza "kudula" mavairasi akupha omwe amalowa m'machitidwe awo. Kuphatikizidwa ndi enzyme yotchedwa Cas9, CRISPR imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiwongolero cholondolera zingwe za DNA kuti zichotsedwe. Atadziwika, asayansi agwiritsa ntchito CRISPR kusintha majini kuti achotse zilema zobadwa nazo zomwe zingawopsyeze moyo monga matenda a sickle cell. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2015, China inali ikusintha kale odwala khansa pochotsa maselo, kuwasintha kudzera mu CRISPR, ndikuwabwezeretsa m'thupi kuti amenyane ndi khansa.

Pofika chaka cha 2018, China idasintha anthu opitilira 80 pomwe United States ikukonzekera kuyambitsa maphunziro ake oyamba oyendetsa ndege a CRISPR. Mu 2019, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo waku China He Jianku adalengeza kuti adapanga odwala oyamba "osamva kachilombo ka HIV", omwe anali atsikana amapasa, zomwe zidayambitsa mkangano woti malire akuyenera kutsatiridwa pazakusintha kwa majini.

Zosokoneza

Asayansi ambiri akuti akuganiza kuti kusintha kwa majini kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosatengera zomwe zili zofunika, monga kuchiza matenda omwe alipo. Komabe, kusintha ma jini kungayambitse kapena kupangitsa kukhala kotheka kupanga anthu opitilira muyeso mwa kusintha majini atangobadwa kumene. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti zovuta zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo monga kusamva, khungu, autism, ndi kuvutika maganizo nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa khalidwe, chifundo, ngakhale mtundu wina wa luso la kulenga. Sizikudziwika chimene chingachitike kwa anthu ngati chibadwa cha mwana aliyense chikanakhala changwiro ndi kuchotsedwa “zopanda ungwiro” zonse asanabadwe.

Mtengo wokwera wa kusintha kwa majini ukhoza kupangitsa kuti anthu olemera azitha mtsogolomo, omwe angachite nawo kusintha kwa majini kuti apange ana "angwiro kwambiri". Ana awa, omwe angakhale aatali kapena ali ndi ma IQ apamwamba, akhoza kuimira gulu latsopano la anthu, lomwe limagawanitsanso anthu chifukwa cha kusagwirizana. Masewera opikisana akhoza kufalitsa malamulo mtsogolo omwe amaletsa mpikisano kwa othamanga "obadwa mwachibadwa" okha kapena kupanga mpikisano watsopano wa othamanga opangidwa ndi majini. Matenda ena obadwa nawo amatha kukhala ochiritsidwa kwambiri asanabadwe, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali pazipatala zaboma komanso zapadera.

Zotsatira za CRISPR kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga "anthu apamwamba"

Zotsatira zambiri zaukadaulo wa CRISPR womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha majini asanabadwe komanso mwina atabadwa angaphatikizepo:

Msika womwe ukukula wa makanda opanga ndi "zowonjezera" zina monga ma exoskeletons a paraplegic ndi ma implants a chip muubongo kuti apititse patsogolo kukumbukira.
Kutsika mtengo komanso kuchulukirachulukira kogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa kozama kwa mluza komwe kungapangitse makolo kuchotsa mimba omwe apezeka kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda kapena kulumala kwamaganizidwe ndi thupi.
Miyezo yatsopano yapadziko lonse lapansi yodziwira momwe CRISPR ingagwiritsire ntchito komanso liti komanso ndani angasankhe kuti chibadwa chamunthu chisinthidwe.
Kuchotsa matenda ena obadwa nawo m'magulu amtundu wa mabanja, potero kupatsa anthu phindu lazaumoyo.
Mayiko pang'onopang'ono akuyamba mpikisano wa zida zamtundu wapakati m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, pomwe maboma amapereka ndalama zothandizira kupititsa patsogolo chibadwa cha amayi asanabadwe kuti awonetsetse kuti mibadwo yamtsogolo imabadwa bwino. Zomwe "zabwino" zikutanthauza zidzatsimikiziridwa ndi kusintha kwa zikhalidwe zomwe zikubwera m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Chiwerengero cha anthu chomwe chikuyembekezeka chikuchepa m'matenda omwe angathe kupewedwa komanso kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo m'dziko.