Mamolekyu omwe amafunidwa: Mndandanda wa mamolekyu omwe amapezeka mosavuta

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• December 22, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Synthetic biology ndi sayansi yamoyo yomwe ikubwera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za uinjiniya ku biology kupanga magawo ndi machitidwe atsopano. Pakutulukira mankhwala, biology yopangira ili ndi kuthekera kosintha chithandizo chamankhwala popanga mamolekyu omwe amafunikira. Zomwe zimatengera nthawi yayitali mamolekyuwa zitha kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga kuti atsatire zomwe zachitika komanso makampani a biopharma omwe akugulitsa kwambiri msika womwe ukukulawu.

Zofunikira za mamolekyu

Metabolic engineering imalola asayansi kugwiritsa ntchito maselo opangidwa kuti apange mamolekyulu atsopano komanso okhazikika, monga ma biofuel ongowonjezedwanso kapena mankhwala oletsa khansa. Ndi mwayi wambiri womwe uinjiniya wa metabolic umapereka, udawonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa "Top Ten Emerging Technologies" ndi World Economic Forum mu 2016. Kuphatikiza apo, biology yotukuka ikuyembekezeka kuthandizira kupanga zopangira zongowonjezwdwa ndi zida, kukonza mbewu, ndikuthandizira zatsopano. ntchito zamankhwala.

Cholinga chachikulu cha biology yopangidwa ndi labu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za uinjiniya kuti zithandizire kukonza chibadwa ndi kagayidwe kachakudya. Synthetic biology imaphatikizanso ntchito zosagwirizana ndi kagayidwe kachakudya, monga kusintha kwa majini komwe kumachotsa udzudzu wokhala ndi malungo kapena ma microbiomes opangidwa omwe amatha kulowa m'malo mwa feteleza wamankhwala. Chilangochi chikukula mwachangu, mothandizidwa ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ma phenotyping apamwamba kwambiri (njira yowunika mapangidwe kapena mawonekedwe), kufulumizitsa kusanja kwa DNA ndi kuthekera kwa kaphatikizidwe, komanso kusintha kwa ma genetic komwe kumathandizira CRISPR.

Pamene matekinolojewa akupita patsogolo, momwemonso luso la ochita kafukufuku kupanga mamolekyu omwe amafunidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amtundu uliwonse. Makamaka, kuphunzira pamakina (ML) ndi chida chothandiza chomwe chimatha kuthamangitsa kupangidwa kwa mamolekyu opangira podziwiratu momwe dongosolo lachilengedwe lidzakhalire. Pomvetsetsa mawonekedwe mu data yoyesera, ML imatha kupereka zolosera popanda kufunika komvetsetsa bwino momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Zosokoneza

Mamolekyu omwe amafunidwa amawonetsa kuthekera kwambiri pakupezeka kwamankhwala. Cholinga cha mankhwala ndi molekyulu yochokera ku mapuloteni omwe amathandizira pakuyambitsa zizindikiro za matenda. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pa mamolekyuwa kuti asinthe kapena kuyimitsa ntchito zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro za matenda. Kuti apeze mankhwala omwe angakhalepo, asayansi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira, yomwe imafufuza zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi mamolekyu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ntchitoyi. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa target deconvolution. Pamafunika maphunziro ovuta a mankhwala ndi ma microbiological kuti adziwe kuti ndi molekyulu iti yomwe imagwira ntchito yomwe ikufunika.

Synthetic biology pakutulukira kwa mankhwala kumathandizira asayansi kupanga zida zatsopano zofufuzira njira zamatenda pamlingo wa maselo. Njira imodzi yochitira izi ndi kupanga mabwalo opangidwa, omwe ndi machitidwe amoyo omwe angapereke chidziwitso chazomwe zikuchitika pamlingo wa ma cell. Njira zopangira zamoyo zopangira mankhwala, zomwe zimadziwika kuti migodi ya genome, zasintha kwambiri zamankhwala.

Chitsanzo cha kampani yomwe ikupereka mamolekyu omwe akufunidwa ndi GreenPharma yochokera ku France. Malinga ndi tsamba la kampaniyo, Greenpharma imapanga mankhwala opangira mankhwala, zodzoladzola, zaulimi, komanso zamafuta abwino pamtengo wotsika mtengo. Amapanga ma molekyulu a kaphatikizidwe achizolowezi pa gramu mpaka ma milligram. Kampaniyo imapatsa kasitomala aliyense woyang'anira projekiti (Ph.D.) komanso nthawi zoperekera malipoti. Kampani ina ya sayansi ya zamoyo yomwe imapereka ntchitoyi ndi OTAVAChemicals yochokera ku Canada, yomwe ili ndi mamolekyu 12 biliyoni omwe amapezeka pakufunika kutengera midadada yomangira masauzande makumi atatu ndi ma 44 machitidwe amkati. 

Zotsatira za mamolekyu omwe amafunidwa

Zowonjezereka za mamolekyu omwe amafunidwa zingaphatikizepo: 

• Ogwira ntchito za sayansi ya moyo amaika ndalama mu nzeru zopangapanga ndi ML kuti avumbulutse mamolekyu atsopano ndi zigawo za mankhwala kuti awonjezere pazosungidwa zawo.
• Makampani ambiri omwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza mamolekyu amafunikira kuti afufuze mopitilira apo ndikupanga zinthu ndi zida. 
• Asayansi ena akufuna kuti pakhale malamulo kapena miyezo yowonetsetsa kuti makampani sakugwiritsa ntchito mamolekyu ena pofufuza ndi chitukuko chosavomerezeka.
• Makampani a Biopharma amaika ndalama zambiri m'ma laboratories awo ofufuza kuti athe uinjiniya wofunidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati ntchito kwamakampani ena aukadaulo ndi mabungwe ofufuza.
• Synthetic biology yolola kupanga maloboti amoyo ndi ma nanoparticles omwe amatha kuchita maopaleshoni ndikupereka chithandizo chamtundu.
• Kuchulukitsa kudalira misika yeniyeni yogulitsira mankhwala, kupangitsa mabizinesi kuti azipeza mwachangu ndikupeza mamolekyu enaake, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito awo ndikuchepetsa nthawi yogulitsa zinthu zatsopano.
• Maboma akukhazikitsa mfundo zoyendetsera zofunikira komanso chitetezo cha biology yopangira, makamaka popanga maloboti amoyo ndi ma nanoparticles ogwiritsira ntchito zamankhwala.
• Mabungwe ophunzirira akukonzanso maphunziro kuti aphatikizire mitu yotsogola kwambiri mu biology yopanga ndi sayansi ya mamolekyulu, kukonzekera m'badwo wotsatira wa asayansi kukumana ndi zovuta zomwe zikubwera komanso mwayi m'magawo awa.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Ndizinthu zina ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mamolekyu omwe amafunidwa?
• Kodi ntchito imeneyi ingasinthe bwanji kafukufuku wasayansi ndi chitukuko?