Kuzindikirika ndi majini: Anthu tsopano amadziwika mosavuta ndi majini awo

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 30, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Ngakhale kuyesa kwa DNA kwa ogula kungakhale njira yosangalatsa yophunzirira zambiri za cholowa cha munthu, kumakhalanso ndi mwayi wolola ena kuzindikira anthu popanda chilolezo chawo kapena chidziwitso. Pali kufunikira kofunikira kuthana ndi momwe kuzindikira kwa majini ndi kusungirako zidziwitso ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa kafukufuku wapagulu ndi zinsinsi zaumwini. Zomwe zimatengera nthawi yayitali pakuzindikirika kwa majini zitha kuphatikiza kutsata malamulo kutengera nkhokwe zama genetic ndi Big Pharma kugwirizana ndi opereka mayeso a majini.

Kuzindikira kwa chibadwa

Nzika za ku America zochokera ku Ulaya tsopano zili ndi mwayi wa 60 peresenti wopezeka ndikuzindikiridwa kudzera mu kuyesa kwa DNA, ngakhale ngati sanatumizepo chitsanzo ku makampani monga 23andMe kapena AncestryDNA, malinga ndi lipoti la magazini ya Science. Chifukwa chake ndikuti deta yosasinthidwa ya biometric imatha kusamutsidwa kumasamba otseguka kwa anthu, monga GEDmatch. Tsambali limalola ogwiritsa ntchito kufunafuna achibale poyang'ana zambiri za DNA kuchokera pamapulatifomu ena. Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuza azamalamulo atha kulowa patsamba lino ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zaphatikizidwa ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pa Facebook kapena zolemba zaboma.

23andMe malo omwe akuchulukirachulukira a majini a anthu tsopano ndi amodzi mwa, ngati siakulu kwambiri, komanso ofunikira kwambiri. Pofika 2022, anthu 12 miliyoni adalipira kuti atsatire DNA yawo ndi kampaniyo, ndipo 30 peresenti amasankha kugawana malipotiwo ndi akatswiri azachipatala, malinga ndi 23andMe. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri ali okhoza kuyezetsa majini pazifukwa zachipatala, malo omwe munthuyo amakhala nawo amathandizanso pakukula kwa matenda. 

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa matenda a anthu nthawi zambiri amabwera chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa majini angapo, kusonkhanitsa zambiri za DNA ndikofunikira pakufufuza kwasayansi. Mosiyana ndi kupereka zambiri zokhudza munthu, magulu akuluakulu a data nthawi zambiri amapereka phindu lalikulu pophunzira zambiri zosadziwika za genome. Komabe, mayesero onse amtundu wa ogula ndi ofunikira mtsogolo mwaumoyo, ndipo vuto tsopano ndi momwe mungatetezere kudziwika kwanu pamene mukuthandizira kufufuza.

Zosokoneza

Kuyeza majini kwa Direct-to-consumer (DTC) kumapangitsa anthu kuphunzira za majini awo ali m'nyumba zawo m'malo mopita ku labu. Komabe, izi zabweretsa zovuta zina. Mwachitsanzo, pamasamba a majini monga 23andMe kapena AncestryDNA, maubale okhudzana ndi kulera mwachinsinsi adawululidwa kudzera muzotengera zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro okhudzana ndi ma genetics adasintha kuchoka pa kukangana zomwe zinali zabwino kwa anthu kupita ku nkhawa zoteteza ufulu wachinsinsi wamunthu aliyense. 

Mayiko ena, monga England (ndi Wales), asankha kuteteza zinsinsi za majini, makamaka zikakhudza abale a munthu. Mu 2020, Khothi Lalikulu lidazindikira kuti asing'anga sayenera kungoganizira zofuna za odwala awo posankha kuti aulule zambiri kapena ayi. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, si munthu yekhayo amene ali ndi chidwi ndi chidziwitso cha majini ake, lingaliro la makhalidwe abwino lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kalekale. Zitsala kuti ziwone ngati mayiko ena atsatira.

Mbali ina yomwe imasinthidwa ndi kuzindikira chibadwa ndi kupereka umuna ndi dzira. Kuyeza kwa chibadwa cha malonda kwapangitsa kuti zitheke kutsata mbiri yabanja pofanizira chitsanzo cha malovu ndi nkhokwe ya ma DNA. Izi zimadzetsa nkhawa chifukwa opereka umuna ndi dzira sangadziwikenso. 

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa ku UK wa ConnectedDNA, anthu omwe adziwa kuti adalandira chithandizo akugwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa majini ogula kuti apeze zambiri zokhudza makolo awo owabereka, abale awo, ndi achibale ena omwe angakhale nawo. Amafunanso zambiri zokhudza cholowa chawo, kuphatikizapo mafuko ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike m'tsogolomu.

Zotsatira za kuzindikira kwa majini

Kuzindikirika kwa majini kungaphatikizepo zambiri: 

• Ma genetic database akugwiritsidwa ntchito kulosera mwachidwi mwayi woti munthu atenge matenda ngati khansa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azindikire msanga komanso njira zodzitetezera.
• Mabungwe azamalamulo amagwirizana ndi makampani osungiramo ma genetic kuti afufuze omwe akuwakayikira kudzera muzambiri zawo. Komabe, padzakhala kukankhira kumbuyo kuchokera ku mabungwe omenyera ufulu wa anthu.
• Makampani opanga mankhwala amalimbikitsa makampani oyesa ma genetic kuti agawane nkhokwe yawo yopangira mankhwala. Chiyanjano ichi chakhala ndi otsutsa ake omwe amaganiza kuti ndi machitidwe osayenera.
• Sankhani maboma omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma biometrics kuti agwirizane ndi kupezeka kwa ntchito za boma ku ID ya munthu yomwe pamapeto pake idzaphatikizanso deta yawo yapadera ya majini ndi biometric. Ntchito zambiri zandalama zitha kutsata njira yofananira yogwiritsira ntchito deta yapaderadera pakutsimikizira zomwe zachitika m'zaka zambiri zikubwerazi. 
• Anthu ochulukirapo omwe amafuna kuwonetseredwa poyera momwe kafukufuku wa majini amachitikira komanso momwe chidziwitso chawo chimasungidwira.
• Mayiko akugawana nkhokwe za majini kuti apititse patsogolo kafukufuku wazachipatala ndikupanga mankhwala ndi chithandizo chofanana.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi kuzindikirika kwa majini kungayambitse bwanji kukhudzidwa ndi malamulo achinsinsi?
• Ndi mapindu ena ati omwe angakhale nawo ndi zovuta za kuzindikira jini?